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PL
W latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku w Polsce obserwowano nasilenie procesów o charakterze strukturalnym. Wraz z pojawieniem się nowych społecznych i ekonomicznych reguł życia zaczęła się wyłaniać klasa średnia. Nowa zbiorowość okazała się kategorią silnie heterogeniczną i niejednorodną. Z owej zbiorowości wyodrębniła się specyficzna kategoria, którą można określić jako nową klasę średnią. Jej obraz jest silnie reprezentowany w polskich mediach, szczególnie w telewizyjnych programach o charakterze kulinarnym. Choć w sensie socjologicznym nowa klasa średnia nie stanowi klasy społecznej, a jest jedynie traktowana jako kategoria deskryptywna, to umożliwia ona opis przemian społecznych i kulturowych. Kultura kulinarna jest przestrzenią, umożliwiającą ukazanie charakterystycznych właściwości i wartości istotnych dla nowej klasy średniej. Programy kulinarne nie traktują o gotowaniu, ale mają rozbudzać ambicje przynależności do tej klasy społecznej. Promują przekaz, że właściwie każdy z telewidzów przy odrobinie wysiłku jest w stanie wieść atrakcyjne życie i przynależeć do owej uprzywilejowanej części polskiego społeczeństwa. Dziedzictwo kulinarne i przemiany kulinarne podobnie jak struktura społeczna ulegają przekształceniom. Kultura kulinarna jest ściśle powiązana z życiem społecznym i kulturowym, a kulinaria stanowią jeden z czynników strukturyzujących.
EN
In the aftermath of 1989 Polish society faced many changes. The first changes were associated with the processes of implementing ready products of the western economy and culture. The implants presented new form of organization of social life. The implants provided designs, new styles of life, Western movies, popular television series, fast food restaurants, supermarkets, malls, Western corporations, and even new occupations and professions. I would like to examine the result of all these changes in Polish society, namely: how all of them changed people’s individual and collective lives and how the City changed under the influence of culinary culture and cooking shows on TV. I am also interested in how nowadays culinary culture is used to promote the values of consumerist society like competition, rivalry, pleasure and entertainment. I would like to present the examples of popular TV series “Cooked” and “The Kitchen Revolutions”. Both of them play very important roles in changing Polish attitudes to cuisine and its meaning in social life. They present the image of the new middle class which can be observed in culinary culture – the culinary television programs.
EN
On 11 September 2001, the twin towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City were destroyed in a terrorist attack. It was a disaster of immense political, social, cultural and economic consequences for the entire world. The WTC site, referred to as ‘Ground Zero’, needed to be restored, both physically and symbolically. The site’s redesign and rebuilding process took nearly 20 years and has now been completed. The article discusses the 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York City as museum vitae, describing it with two metaphors: cracking and continuing. The former refers to the WTC disaster cracking the human will to live and fight, and evoking reflection on the value system of the world attacked with such a brutal force. The latter, while allowing many possible interpretations, seems to hint at new ideas, information, contexts and understanding that may enrich our knowledge of the world. The entire site, with the 9/11 Memorial and Museum, tells the story of the disaster that happened here as well as of the culture, values, meanings and strength of human community. Unfolding like a story in a book, it reveals different senses while leaving room for individual interpretation.
EN
The contemporary model of culture is founded on two principal shifts: the pictorial one and that towards everyday life. The former has brought the development of visual culture and visual sociology in science, while the latter an interest in the life of regular people and the return to sociology of everyday life. The model of culture based on the visual and the visible apotheosises sight as a dominant sense in the building of social interactions. It naturally privileges those who can freely participate in cultural life. However, it excludes and, to a certain extent, limits the activities and the cultural participation of people with visual impairments. The aim of this article is to present the case of the Invisible Exhibition where people with regular vision are included in multisensory culture based on the tactile, auditory, and olfactory perception. The exhibition allows the privileged participants of visual culture to learn about multisensory culture built on other cognitive foundations. The Invisible Exhibition also allows people with visual impairments to join the dominant model of culture by expanding beyond their own boundaries and actions based on other principles. The case of the Invisible Exhibition is analysed with regards to the concept of history and counter-history, i.e. the narratives of the privileged and underprivileged in the cultural system by Ewa Domańska, as well as own research conducted as part of social work courses at the Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
EN
The article presents the research project “Pandemic diaries” carried out by a team working under the scientific supervision of prof. Wiesław Gumuła. The project was implemented in cooperation with the Institute of Literature in Krakow, which in 2020 announced a literary competition for journals that were to be devoted to everyday life in pandemic conditions. Researchers adopted the theoretical perspective of the sociology of everyday life and the phenomenological one. The analysis concerned the categories appearing in dailies such as social change, social relations, time, death, tourism, economy and economy, and many others. The diaries have literary value and contain important social content that has become the subject of sociological analyzes broadening the knowledge about people’s lives in conditions of sudden and unexpected change.
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