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What Is Bosniak, And What Bosnian-Herzegovinian Literature, And What Is, After All, The Bosnian-Hercegovinian Interliterary Community? (A Contribution To Literary-Theoretical And Literary-Historical Understanding)

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Kodrić S.

Slavica Lodziensia

2017

vol. 1

Literary creation in Bosnia-Herzegovina is very complex. Viewed as a whole and throughout its historical duration, it has not been realized within the framework of one nation or one ethno-national community, nor within only one language or only one alphabet, nor within the framework of only one cultural-civilizational circle. This fact and this kind of literary-historical and cultural-historical reality gives the basis from which it is now possible to talk about a unique, singular literature of Bosnia-Herzegovina, or Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature, and also about parallel, plural literatures of Bosnia-Herzegovina – Bosniak as well as Croat and Serbian literatures in Bosnia-Herzegovina, together with the literary traditions of Bosnian-Herzegovinian minority communities, such as the Jewish community and others. Also, it is possible to speak about a phenomenon that should – given its own, internal historical-developmental dynamics and its literary-developmental principles and relationships in general – probably be named the Bosnian-Herzegovinian interliterary community. That is why, in understanding the phenomenon of literary creativity in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well in defi ning Bosnian literary studies, primarily the theoretical concepts of interliterariness as well as closely related concepts of interculturality occur as potential solutions, as – both of them – have their essential meaning and full realization in the cases of both literary and culturally complex phenomena like literature in Bosnia-Herzegovina in general.

Traumatični susret s Evropom: „Austrougarska tema" i počeci novije bošnjačke književnosti

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Kodrić S.

Slavia Meridionalis

2012

vol. 12

Traumatic encounter with Europe: ‘Austro-Hungarian theme’ and beginnings of modern Bosniak literature Initiated by the crucial historical event of the end of the centuries long Ottoman rule in Bosnia (1878) and extremely complex subsequent processes of ‘emancipation’, ‘modernisation’ and ‘europeisation’ of post-Ottoman Bosnia, the ‘Austro-Hungarian theme’ is a common, or even obsessive, literary topic of Bosniak and the entire Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature from the 19th century onwards, mostly realized as ‘an account of Austro‑Hungarian occupation, in a range of images of disintegration of Muslim ethnic and social environment’ ‘to which the end of the Turkish Empire [...] is the end of what they were’. As such, the ‘Austro-Hungarian theme’ is a particular mnemonic phenomenon – a theme of a specific historical trauma, as well as a theme of a radical and comprehensive cultural transition or a theme of a complex and dramatic cultural transcoding, crucially important in the construction of identity and alterity policies of modern Bosniak and Bosnian‑Herzegovinian literature and culture as a whole. It is not surprising, then, that in the scope of the ‘Austro-Hungarian theme’ – along with other literary pieces – there appears the first Bosniak novel, Zeleno busenje [‘The Green Sods’] (1898) by Edhem Mulabdić (1862–1954), after whom the theme will later be addressed, especially in Bosniak literature, by a whole range of different authors, representing in various ways the late-19th century traumatic Bosnia’s encounter with Europe. Traumatyczne spotkanie z Europą: „Temat austro-węgierski” i początki nowszej literatury boszniackiej W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z problematyką podejmowaną w literaturze boszniackiej i bośniacko-hercegowińskiej od końca XIX wieku po czasy współczesne. Autor dowodzi, iż podstawowym tematem w tych literaturach jest „temat austro-węgierski”, który po raz pierwszy pojawił się w 1878 roku, kiedy na skutek decyzji kongresu berlińskiego zakończyło się panowanie osmańskie w Bośni i nastąpiły złożone procesy „emancypacji”, „modernizacji” i „europeizacji”. W czasach postosmańskich wykorzystywano go szeroko, a nawet „obsesyjnie”, uważając „okupację austro-węgierską” za przyczynę rozwarstwiania narodowego i społecznego środowisk muzułmańskich.„Temat austro-węgierski” reprezentuje szczególny fenomen pamięci. Ujmowany w kategoriach traumy historycznej, stał się głównym motywem ukazującym przejście kulturowe jako złożony i dramatyczny proces przekodowania kulturowego. Odegrał też wyjątkową rolę w konstruowaniu polityki tożsamościowej w nowszej literaturze i kulturze boszniackiej oraz bośniacko-hercegowińskiej. Nic zatem dziwnego, że znalazł się w pierwszej powieści boszniackiej Zeleno busenje (1898) Edhema Mulabdicia, a także w twórczości innych pisarzy, zwłaszcza przedstawicieli literatury boszniackiej, ukazujących w różnorodny sposób traumatyczne spotkanie Bośni z Europą pod koniec XIX wieku.

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1 Slavia Meridionalis

1 Slavica Lodziensia

2 Kodrić S.

1 2017

1 2012

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What Is Bosniak, And What Bosnian-Herzegovinian Literature, And What Is, After All, The Bosnian-Hercegovinian Interliterary Community? (A Contribution To Literary-Theoretical And Literary-Historical Understanding)

Traumatični susret s Evropom: „Austrougarska tema" i počeci novije bošnjačke književnosti