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PL
We wstępie przedstawiono zjawisko współczesnych konfliktów etnicznych, oraz stopniowy proces podważania fundamentów Unii Europejskiej, której instytucje spajają dotychczas europejskie nacje. W dalszej części pokazano wszystkie miejsca zagrożone wybuchem konfliktu etnicznego, a na podstawie zebranej literatury i źródeł innych przedstawiono stopień zagrożenia, analizę możliwych strat oraz zakres konsekwencji geopolitycznych wynikających z ewentualnych konfliktów. Część ta zawiera również mapę Europy, na której przedstawiono skalę potencjalnego zagrożenia konfliktami etnicznymi. Źródłem danych, były dane historyczne po 1945 roku, aktualne dane demograficzne ze spisów narodowych w państwach europejskich, a także dane etnograficzne oraz literatura przedmiotu. Na zakończenie pokrótce pokazano przeprowadzoną wstępną symulację wyników konfliktów lokalnych z uwzględnieniem interesów politycznych poszczególnych państw po ewentualnym rozpadzie UE.
EN
In the beginning of this paper it was shown the question of contemporary ethnic conflicts and gradually completing process of EU fundaments undermining. The EU institutions have stopped any ethnic conflicts within organization. Further, there are maps showing all potential places where ethnic conflicts in Europe may occur if the EU would collapse. It was presented on a basis of many sources, the literature as well as works of different NGOs. Level of risk shown on maps presented dependently to six factors. Two of them were connected to ethnic identity, but rest of them depend on history, tradition of statehood, former border lines and actual autonomy status. The risk was compared with causalities and consequences that may occur in future. At the end there were presented three most probable scenarios of the future of Europe, after fragmentation or dismantling of the EU.
EN
The article analyzes various aspects of the socio-economic regulation in the US economy being extremely important from the viewpoint of rate and proportions of eoonomic growth, as well as the level of broadly-understood social welfare. These aspects were considered to be: speed and directions of scientific-technical progress, utilisation and protection of the natural environment. The main attention has been foouesed on presentation of the scope forms and methods of regulation. The eoonomic and social regulation is prompted by an objective necessoty of regulating broadly-understood capital and a need for the state's control over the level and distribution of social welfare. It is both a condition of welfare growth and a fundamental factor ensurlng continuity of the capitalist system reproduction . Consequently, the trend towards regulation or decrease of the scope of economic and social regulation observed in the US economy at present is a reflection of revival o f neoconservative and neoliberal concepts in the eoonomic and political life.It is of a temporary character and it should not lead to decreasing the scope of the regulation discussed here in a permanent way.
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