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Problemy z Rozmyślaniem przemyskim. Formułowanie sądów ogólnych a wielowarstwowość średniowiecznego tekstu

100%
Mika T.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2015
|
issue Numer Specjalny
87-104
EN
The paper analyses the largest Polish mediaeval apocrypha, Rozmyślanie przemyskie. Using this example, the author shows the difficulty of formulating general judgments about mediaeval texts with a multilayered structure. The differences between the subsequent versions of the text prove to be rather large in the case of Rozmyślanie przemyskie. For this reason, even the assignment of the monument’s language to a specific dialectal base may apply to no more than a single layer of the text and, as a result, Red Ruthenian features may be found to co-appear with Lesser Polish ones. The author proposes that Rozmyślanie przemyskie displays both the vestiges of the original structure of the text, and traits of a new structure introduced by the last copyist. It is him who gave a title to the text, divided it in two, and added a considerable part of section titles. Therefore, we need to revise our current view that the last copyist was responsible for no more than the introduction of multiple mistakes into the text, and for incorporating into it the voice that was originally located in the margins and between the lines.
2
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Tekst staropolski jako odmienny obiekt badań? W poszukiwaniu narzędzi opisu

100%
Mika T.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2015
|
issue 20
235-250
EN
The author provides an answer to the question why Old Polish texts, especially mediaeval ones, constitute a separate subject of study. Primarily, he draws attention to the kinds of problems connected with the reading of those texts (e.g. identification of functional expressions), and with the various manifestations of multilayeredness. How to study such texts? The author suggests that the existing palette of methods be complemented with selected tools developed by modern textology, which so far have only sporadically been employed in the research of the oldest Polish texts. Meanwhile, their use makes possible a precise description and analysis, taking into account the multilayeredness and the traces of the work of many scribes, sometimes so large that they modify the arrengement of intentions and functions of the text. The author uses the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie and other texts to show the complexity of such problems as the address of the text, its cohesion, continuity, and comprehensiveness – qualities that are only revealed when appropriate assumptions are made and adequate descriptive tools used.
3

O idealizacji i innych postawach wobec tekstu staropolskiego

100%
Mika T.
Język Polski
|
2017
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vol. 97
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issue 4
7-23
PL
Idealizacja to postawa badawcza (i edytorska) polegająca na przeświadczeniu, że tekst jest pod jakimś względem (często pod kilkoma) doskonalszy (nie tylko inny), niż wynika to prostego odczytania jego zapisu. Jej przejawem są zmiany dokonywane w transkrypcji przekraczające podstawowy zakres ingerencji, wynikający z istoty tej formy przekazu. Autor ukazuje zależność pomiędzy aktualnym w danym czasie stanem wiedzy i przeświadczeniami edytora a kształtem proponowanych edycji tekstów staropolskich (zwłaszcza transkrypcji). Materiał ilustracyjny do artykułu pochodzi z "Rozmyślania przemyskiego".
EN
The term “idealization”, proposed by the present author, represents a research and editorial attitude that is based on the belief that the text under scrutiny is in some respect (and more often than not, in a number of respects) more perfect than it seems from a simple reading of its written form as it is preserved in a manuscript. This attitude can be manifested by changes in the transcription made by editors that go far beyond the basic scope of editorial interference arising from the essence of this form of transmission. The present article lists numerous examples of transcriptions of Old Polish texts which illustrate the editorial interference that exceeds far beyond the boundaries of accepted practice. The author proposes that as long as it is possible to understand the text in the Old Polish language, editors should refrain from correcting it, even if (from today’s perspective) it does not show content’s conformity with form or semantic and structural coherence.
4
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Przenoszenie terminów i procedur badawczych pomiędzy językoznawstwem synchronicznym i diachronicznym

100%
Mika T.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2020
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vol. 76
231-242
PL
Tekst ma charakter metodologiczny. Autor identyfikuje (jego zdaniem wyraźną) tendencję do przenoszenia terminów między językoznawstwem synchronicznym i diachronicznym. Historycy języka badający składnię, leksykę, semantykę, a nawet tekst czy ewolucję gatunków literackich szukają obecnie precyzyjnych narzędzi badawczych. W artykule pokazano, że nawet jeśli nie da się w badaniach diachronicznych użyć synchronicznych narzędzi, to takie próby przynoszą nauce wiele wymiernych korzyści, jak na przykład proponowanie nowych terminów, precyzowanie istniejących czy refleksja nad własną sytuacją badawczą.
EN
Transfer of terms and research procedures between synchronic and diachronic linguistics. Summary: In this methodology-related paper, the author identifies a clear (in his opinion) tendency to transfer terms between synchronic and diachronic linguistics. Language historians who study syntax, lexis, semantics as well as text and the evolution of literary genres are now searching for precise research tools. The article demonstrates that even if it is not possible to use synchronic tools in diachronic research, such attempts bring measurable benefits to science such as, for example, proposing new terms, clarifying the existing ones, or reflecting on one’s own research situation. Keywords: synchronic and diachronic linguistics, methodology, terminology
5

Protectionist Practices as a Method of Restoring the Trade Balance

63%
Frejtag-Mika E., Mika T.
Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia
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2020
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issue 2(23)
33-50
EN
Objective: This paper is an attempt to examine protectionist practices, illustrated using the example of the United States, as a means of establishing equilibrium in the trade and current account balance, especially under competitive conditions in pursuit of economic and world leadership. Research Design & Methods: The research offers conclusions based on an analysis of the literature on the effectiveness of protectionist practices in economic relationships between countries, status presentation of reasons leading to imbalance deepening in trade and account balance. It also describes the results of a simulation on the implementation of punitive tariffs (by both parties) achieved using numerical models. Findings: Protectionist practices are ineffective instruments for handling trade deficits. Moreover, they undermine international trade principles, lead to conflicts between the countries, and instigate symmetric retaliatory actions. Implications/Recommendations: Apart from the overall ineffectiveness of protectionist practices in terms of optimising the trade and current account balance, there are adverse implications which may be beneficial to certain domestic groups of stakeholders while, on the international level, protectionist practices signify an attempt to weaken the position of other competitors in pursuit of world leadership. Contribution: The paper shows that protectionist practices pursued by countries are ineffective instruments for handling trade deficits. Their application restricts technology transfer, deflates the efficiency and effectiveness of an economy and reduces welfare. Building actual civilisational and economic supremacy requires economic development in the real economy and cannot be achieved by administrative means.
6

DID WE REALLY NEED A NEW EDITION OF 'MEDITATION OF PRZEMYSL'?. A FRAGMEN OR A BITE OF A LARGER WHOLE. A GLOSS: NON-BITING BITE OF A BITE (Czy naprawde potrzebne bylo nowe wydanie 'Rozmyslania przemyskiego'. Fragment, albo kasek wiekszej calosci. Dopi

51%
Twardzik W., Mika T., Mazurkiewicz R.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2010
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vol. 101
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issue 2
197-206
EN
The article belongs to a cycle of Waclaw Twardzik's publications which explain why he (assisted by Felix Keller) found it resonable to edit the only available copy of 'Meditation of Przemysl' in a form different from that given to this text by the first editor Aleksander Bruckner. In the transcript of the new edition contains a number of changes that correct the alledged mistakes made by the copier who failed to successfully decipher his predecessor's record. The copier's mistakes range from his inability to decode cuts (abbreviations), changes in the word order, to misplacing fragments of sentences. Twardzik maintains that the editor's task is to correct the mistakes found in the text. Roman Mazurkiewicz and Tomasz Mika, the authors of a gloss entitled 'Niekasliwe ukaszenie kaska' (Non-biting bite of a bite) added to the article share Twardzik's view, and they also pay attention to the fact that apart from the apocryphe's parts with the copier's obvious mistakes one finds a vast number of other places where mistakes are merely probable or alledged. Mazurkiewicz and Mika formulate a question about the perfection degree of material and structural elements of the 'initial' fragments which is to be called for, and suggest an explanation (slightly different from that by Twardzik) for one of the innumerable syntactic puzzles of 'Meditation of Przemysl'.
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