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1

The Causes of the First Anglo-Afghan War

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Kárník J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 1

179–199

EN

Afghanistan is a land where war seems to last forever. The goal of this article is to show how the first intervention of western power in Afghanistan started. The main conflict in Central Asia in the 19th century was a long-term struggle between Russia and the British Empire over the influence in this part of the world, usually called, “The Great Game.” Russia started to march towards Khanates such as Bokhara or Khiva and strengthened its influence in Persia. Concerns about a Russian advance and the security of the Indian western border grew in London and British India at the same time. Afghanistan experienced a long and bloody fight of succession between two branches of the Durrani tribe, Sadozais and Barakzais, in the beginning of the 19th century. The Barakzais won this civil war and Dost Mohammad Khan became the Emir of Kabul. Nevertheless, Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh state, took control of Peshawar during the civil war and this created the chasm of interests between Afghanistan and the Sikh state, which could never be overcome. The article tries to explain how these aspects merged and led to the war, and attempts to clarify who holds the dominant part of responsibility in the final decision that resulted in a start of the armed conflict.

2

The Causes of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, a Probe into the Reality of the International Relations in Central Asia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

100%

Kárník J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2014

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vol. 4

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issue 1

61-73

EN

This study deals with causes of Second British-Afghan War which took place in 1878–1881. Author will briefly explain the first 60 years of evolution in British-Afghan relations with consideration of their global context especially so called Great Game which is rivalry between Russian and British Empire in Central Asia. Subsequently, author presents analysis of main causes of the conflict and basic factual accounts of events which led to the war. Among other things, this study should also serve as a probe to the international relation in region of Central Asia which is not really well-known in Europe although it got significant importance for global politics in last few decades.

3

Impéria ve střetu o Střední Asii Příčiny druhé britsko‑afghánské války v souvislostech mocenského boje Velké Británie a Ruska o vliv ve Střední Asii v letech 1873–18781

100%

Kárník J.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

103-125

EN

This study deals with power struggle between Great Britain and Russia over strategically important region of Central Asia in 70s of 19th century. The main objective of whole paper is to present complex explanation of causes of Second Anglo‑Afghan War and also to show simultaneous events which accompanied this process. It contains analysis of mutual correspondence among all main participants of this event: Great Britain, Afghanistan and Russia. The biggest part of study is dedicated to the last month before outbreak of the conflict. It would be almost impossible to understand the causes without insight to the inner political situation in Afghanistan and without analysis of difficult situation in which this country was forced to be by pressure of two imperial powers on its borders. These problems are part of the last section of the article.

CS

Tématem této studie je analýza mocenského střetu Velké Británie a Ruska o vliv ve strategické oblasti Střední Asie v sedmdesátých letech 19. století. Hlavním cílem textu je předložit čtenáři komplexní a prameny podložený výklad příčin druhé britsko‑ afghánské války a dějů, které tento proces provázely. Obsahuje analýzu vzájemné korespondence všech hlavních zúčastněných stran, Afghánistánu, Ruska a Velké Británie. Hlavní důraz je kladen na poslední měsíce před konečným rozhodnutím vlády Britské Indie o vstupu do konfliktu. Nezanedbatelný prostor je pak věnován také vnitřní situaci v Afghánistánu a složitosti pozice, ve které se země, ohrožena tlakem velmocí na svých hranicích, ocitla.

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2 West Bohemian Historical Review

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3 Kárník J.

2 2014

1 2012

The Causes of the First Anglo-Afghan War

The Causes of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, a Probe into the Reality of the International Relations in Central Asia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

Impéria ve střetu o Střední Asii Příčiny druhé britsko‑afghánské války v souvislostech mocenského boje Velké Británie a Ruska o vliv ve Střední Asii v letech 1873–18781