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EN
Scheduling projects of linear or repetitive character (roads, pipelines, high-rise buildings) involves harmonizing a number of continuous construction processes to be conducted by specialized crews or machine sets executed at the same time in a number of work sections. Such projects are often modeled by time-distance diagrams that are represented graphically as an X-Y plot where one axis represents location, and the other time. Project planning involves allowing for construction-specific risks and is aimed at providing reliable schedules. These are to help the manager to assure that the project is completed by the predefined due date and, at the same time, that interruptions in work flow are avoided. In the case of repetitive processes, schedule robustness can be improved by providing time buffers between consecutive activities. The paper proposes an analytic method of sizing these buffers that assumes (as in PERT) that activity durations are stochastic variables whose distribution parameters can be defined on the basis of optimistic, pessimistic and most likely estimates. The method was used to construct a casestudy schedule, and the schedule quality was tested by means of simulation.
PL
Przedsięwzięcia budowlane często obejmują swym zakresem roboty powtarzane na częściach obiektów. Proces budowy tych obiektów jest zazwyczaj dzielony na mniejsze elementy powierzane jednostkom organizacyjnym. Stosowaną w praktyce formą graficzną harmonogramów takich przedsięwzięć są cyklogramy. Najczęściej przyjmowanym kryterium ich optymalizacji jest minimalizacja czasu wykonania. Również w trakcie realizacji przedsięwzięć, w przypadku wystąpienia zakłóceń, jest konieczne podjęcie działań prowadzących do redukcji czasu realizacji pozostałych zadań. Najczęściej stosowane metody to: praca w godzinach nadliczbowych, alokacja dodatkowych zasobów lub relokacja zasobów zaangażowanych. W artykule rozważany jest problem doboru tych działań w celu redukcji czasu realizacji przedsięwzięcia liniowego pod kątem minimalizacji związanych z nimi kosztów. Opracowano model matematyczny zagadnienia. Sposób rozwiązania problemu przedstawiono na przykładzie.
EN
Construction projects often involve repetitive processes conducted in similar units. The project's scope is divided into simple processes to be conducted by particular gangs of specialized workers or machine sets. Schedules of such projects are usually presented graphically by two dimension coordinate system diagram. The main objective of schedule optimization is a project duration minimization. As the project proceeds, works may occur to be conducted not in accordance with the schedule, making the expected completion date seriously different from the as-planned date. In such cases, works need to be rescheduled, which usually means that durations of operations need also to be reduced. This can be achieved by working overtime, employing new resources or relocating resources from less important to critical tasks. The paper investigates into the problem of selecting duration reducing measures for a linear project minimizing cost of these measures. The authors put forward a mathematical model of the problem and illustrate its principle of operation with an example.
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