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Kolizyjnoprawna problematyka skuteczności przelewu wierzytelności wobec osób trzecich - projekt rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie prawa właściwego dla skutków przelewu wierzytelności wobec osób trzecich (COM(2018) 96 final)

100%
Kurowski W.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2019
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vol. 25
67-90
EN
The question of which law should govern the third-party effects of assignments of claims was considered during the preparation of the Rome I Regulation. The European Commission’s proposal for the Rome I Regulation admitted the law of the assignor’s habitual residence as the law that should apply to the proprietary effects of assignments of claims. Finally, EU Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations did not include the issue of the third-party effects of the assignment. However, Article 27(2) of the Rome I Regulation required the European Commission to present a report on the question of the effectiveness of assignments of claims against third parties accompanied, if appropriate, by a proposal to amend the Rome I Regulation. Proposal for a Regulation on the law applicable to the third-party effects of assignments of claims (COM(2018) 96 final) is a response to this request. This paper analyses current draft of the new EU Regulation, the rules on determination of the third-party effects of assignments of claims (law of the assignor’s habitual residence and law of the assigned claim) and "super conflict rules" in specific cases. The author argues that the law of the assignor’s habitual residence remains the appropriate conflict rule for proprietary effects of assignments of claims.
2
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Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 12 lutego 2015 r. w sprawie Sähköalojen ammattiliitto ry c/a Elektrobudowa Spółka Akcyjna (C‑396/13)

100%
Kurowski W.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2019
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vol. 24
191-209
EN
This paper aims to comment an important ruling concerning the Posted Workers Directive (Directive 96/71/EC). In the judgement C-396/13 (Sähköalojen ammattiliitto ry v. Elektrobudowa Spółka Akcyjna), the European Court of Justice providedits pro-worker’s interpretation of Art 3 of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the scope of the "minimum pay rate". The second issue raised by the European Court of Justice was the assignability of pay claims governed by Polish law based on Art 14 (2) of Rome I Regulation and prohibited under that law. In commented judgement, the Court admitted the assignment of claims arising from employment relationships in light of article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and accepted the trade union’s right to represent the posted workers.
3
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Wybór prawa dla umowy o pracę. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 15 lipca 2021 r. w sprawach połączonych DG, EH c/a SC Gruber Logistics SRL (C-152/20) oraz Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD c/a SC Samidani Trans

100%
Kurowski W.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2021
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vol. 29
169-190
PL
This paper comments on a recent ruling concerning the choice of law to the individual employment contract according to the Rome I Regulation. In the judgement in the joined cases C–152/20 and C–218/20 (DG, EH v. SC Gruber Logistics SRL and Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD v. SC Samidani Trans SRL), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) provided the interpretation of Article 8 of the Rome I Regulation on two issues. At first, the EU Court was asked about the freedom of choice of law applicable to the individual employment contract if (a) national law required the inclusion of a clause into that contract under which the contractual provisions are supplemented by national law and (b) the contractual clause concerning that choice was drafted by the employer. The second issue was connected with the concept of the employee’s protection, under which the choice of law may not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him (her) by provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement, under the law that would have been applicable to the contract in the absence of choice. Regarding the first question, the CJEU admitted that the parties to an individual employment contract dispose of freedom to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual provisions are supplemented by national labour law under a (relevant) national provision, if “the national provision in question does not require the parties to choose national law as the law applicable to that contract”. Secondly, the Court found that the parties to an individual employment contract were “to be regarded as being, in principle, free to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual clause concerning that choice is drafted by the employer”. Therefore, the CJEU confirmed the application of the rules concerning the choice of law resulting from Article 3 of the Rome I Regulation to the individual employment contracts. Referring to the second issue of the commented ruling, the CJEU confirmed that Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation must be interpreted as meaning that, where the parties have chosen the law governing the individual employment contract, the application of the law that would apply to the contract in the absence of choice must be excluded, with the exception of “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement”, if those provisions offer the employee concerned greater protection than those of the law chosen by the parties. The EU Court underlined that rules on the minimum wage could be treated as “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement” and the law that, in the absence of choice, would be applicable should decide about it. Unfortunately, it is necessary to follow the commented judgment’s justification to correctly understand the concept of an employee’s protection applied in Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation. The thesis of the ruling in this regard seems to be too laconic, and it can be misinterpreted. 
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Kolizyjnoprawna problematyka skuteczności przelewu wierzytelności wobec osób trzecich Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 9 października 2019 r. w sprawie BGL BNP Paribas SA c/a TeamBank AG Nürnberg (C‑548/18)

100%
Kurowski W.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2020
EN
The question of the law applicable to the third-party effects of assignments of claims is widely discussed in the doctrinal debates. In common opinion, the existing European conflict-of-laws regulations do not provide for a rule governing this issue. In the case BGL BNP Paribas SA v. TeamBank AG Nürnberg (C‑548/18), the Court of Justice of the European Union confirmed this gape of the Rome I Regulation.The gloss presents the justification of the European Union Court’s judgment, the reasons for the lack of the uniform conflict-of-laws regulation, and the consequences of this state. It also analyses briefly the European Commission’s proposal for the EU Regulation concerning the law applicable to the third-party effects of assignments of claims (COM(2018) 96 final), as a response to this situation. Finally, it examines the appropriate conflict-of-laws rules for proprietary effects of assignments of claims (the law of the assignor’s habitual residence and the law of the assigned claim).
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Kilka uwag o służebności przesyłu (część I)

63%
Zrałek J., Kurowski W.
Świat Nieruchomości
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2011
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issue 1(75)
12-17
EN
The article is the first part of the broader study devoted to the introduction into the Polish legal system the institution of transmission line easement. In the first part Authors concentrate on the manners which create the transmission line easement. It can be created by the contract or by the judgment. The relationship between transmission line easement regulation (in the Civil Code) and the special case of expropriation of real estate regulated in art. 124 of The Managing of the Real Estate Act is also discussed.
PL
Artykuł stanowi pierwszą część szerszego opracowania dotyczącego wprowadzonej do polskiego systemu prawnego instytucji służebności przesyłu. W tej części Autorzy skupiają się na metodzie ustanowienia opisywanej służebności: bądź w drodze umowy bądź na podstawie orzeczenia sądowego. Prowadzone są również rozważania dotyczące relacji pomiędzy przepisami o służebności przesyłu (znajdującymi się w kodeksie cywilnym) a przepisami regulującymi szczególny przypadek wywłaszczenia z art. 124 ustawy o gospodarce nieruchomościami.
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Kilka uwag o służebności przesyłu (część II)

63%
Zrałek J., Kurowski W.
Świat Nieruchomości
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2011
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issue 2(76)
50-55
EN
W drugiej części opracowania dotyczącego służebności przesyłu (część pierwsza ukazała się w numerze 1 (75) Świata Nieruchomości z 2011 roku) podjęto rozważania o treści tej służebności (porównując ją z treścią ustanawianych wcześniej służebności gruntowych). W dalszej części autorzy skupili uwagę na problemach pojawiających się w związku ze sprawami dotyczącymi zasiedzenia służebności przesyłu. W końcowej części opracowania zajęto się wątpliwościami, jakie nasuwa przepis przewidujący wygaśnięcie służebności przesyłu po zakończeniu likwidacji przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowego.
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