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EN
During the second half of the 1930s growing tension in Polish-Jewish relations was accompanied by increasingly frequent accusations formulated by the Jewish milieus in the USA relating to the emulation by the Polish authorities of the policies pursued by Nazi Germany towards the Jewish minority. The author of the article confronted the opinions voiced by the American Jews about the situation of the Jewish minority in the Second Republic and the attitude of the Polish authorities towards citizens of the Mosaic persuasion with pertinent reports by American diplomats. The titular question comprises a contribution to more general reflections about the political system in Poland during the examined period.
EN
Both American diplomacy and the American Jews relatively rapidly noticed the significance of the death of Marshal Józef Pilsudski for the situation of the Jewish population in Poland. The American ambassadors: John Cudahy and Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr. observed a rise of anti-Jewish moods in Poland, including the official state circles, in the second half of the 1930s. At the same time, they stressed the positive role played by Pilsudski in stifling Polish anti-Semitism. A similar dependence between the death of the Marshal and the increased tide of anti-Semitism was perceived by the American Jewish Committee in its annual reports from 1936-1937. Respect expressed for Józef Pilsudski and, by contrast, disapproval for his political epigones, are to be found in the declarations made by the Federation of Polish Jews in America. The important 'New York Times' also accentuated the positive part performed by Pilsudski for the Jewish minority in Poland.
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