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EN
For Aristotle, rhetoric was simply an applied technique of persuasion (techne rhetoriké), i. e. an aptitude or producing opinions. From today’s vantage point, it comprised not only the art of fine speech, but also the theory of communication, the theory of argumentation and the essentials of psychology and drama. The problem of multi-aspects of persuasion and argumentation was last comprehensively presented by Aristotle, who interrelated rhetoric with logic, the speaker’s ethos (reliability) and the theory of rhetorical affections, which were aimed at influencing the feelings of the listeners (pathos). It was not until the turn of the forties and fifties of the twentieth century that researchers took a new interest in techniques of exerting influence on people. The experimental methods of Carl Hovland, Fritz Heider, Leo Festinger and others have shaped the modern scientific formula of the old affections theory, now called social psychology. It follows that rhetoric and social psychology, the two fields of influencing people, are closely linked, what Aristotle was undoubtedly aware of. The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question about the relationship between the affections theory and social psychology: do we have the right to call it empirical rhetoric?
PL
Artykuł przedstawia Metodę Dyskursu Eksperckiego wraz z opisem jej praktycznego zastosowania w środowisku naukowym Polskiej Szkoły Argumentacji. Metoda opracowana została z myślą o zorganizowaniu skutecznej współpracy między specjalistami tej samej dziedziny. Na kolejne etapy składają się: sondaż wśród ekspertów, mający wyłonić stanowiska, wybranie na jego podstawie najważniejszych oraz najbardziej kontrowersyjnych kwestii, przedyskutowanie ich w grupach i poddanie analizie za pomocą narzędzia OVA+. Artykuł zawiera sprawozdanie z pracy nad zagadnieniem siły argumentu, mającym szczególne znaczenie dla programu badań w Polskiej Szkole Argumentacji.
EN
The article presents the Method of Expert Discourse, and a description of its practical application within the scientifi c community of the Polish School of Argumentation. The method was developed in order to effectively organize collaboration among specialists working in the same fi eld of investigation. The application of the method consists of the following stages: carrying out a survey addressed to experts, which is to reveal main positions; and, on this basis, selecting of some most important and controversial issues, and fi nally discussing them in groups and analyzing with help of OVA+, a tool for argument processing. The article contains a report on the research into the issue of argument force, which has a particular signifi cance for the research program of the Polish School of Argumentation.
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