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Plotinus’ Adoption of Aristotle’s Doctrine of Act (Energeia)

100%
Hancock C. L.
Studia Ełckie
|
2012
|
vol. 14
117-135
EN
Plotinus demonstrated his commitment to energeia by having devoted an entire treatise to the energeia/dynamis distinction, which seems to be important to Plotinus’ philosophical project as a whole. The article attempts to demonstrate that energeia, which is synonymous with contempla-tion (noēsis) and being (ousia, eidos, to on, noēton), should be translated in various ways out of respect for the fact that there are different levels of contemplation and being and that there are different ways of looking at being. It also maintains that Plotinus’ handling of energeia is gener-ally a reaction, in both positive and negative ways, to the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. On account of delivered commentary on Enneads II, 5 (25) and VI, 2 (43), conjoined to its conclu-sions, the article strives for showing that Plotinus’ doctrine of energeia/dynamis unlocks his entire philosophy.
2
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The Elusiveness of Happiness in the Modern World

100%
Hancock C. L.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2018
|
vol. 7
71-78
PL
W czasach Renesansu zaistniała moda, w dużej mierze napędzana przez naukę Bacona, że objaśnianie wszechświata nie wymaga odwoływania się do formalnych i ostatecznych przyczyn. Ponieważ idee mają konsekwencje, to eliminacja form i celów wpływa na społeczną koncepcję szczęścia. Trudno dostrzec, jak ludzkie życie może mieć sens, jeśli nie ma czegoś takiego jak natura ludzka, a życie jest bezcelowe. Filozofowie mogą pomóc przywrócić zdrowie kulturowe, rzucając wyzwanie mechanizmowi, pokazując, w jaki sposób jego założenia są nie do obronienia oraz pokazując, w jaki sposób zniszczył on nasze dążenie do szczęścia.
EN
Since Renaissance times, there has been a fashion, largely driven by Baconian science, that explaining the universe need not suppose the existence of formal and final causes. Because ideas have consequences, this elimination of forms and purposes affects society’s conception of happiness. It is hard to see how human life can be meaningful if there is no human nature and life is purposeless. Philosophers can help restore cultural health by challenging mechanism, by showing how its assumptions are not defensible and by showing how it has damaged our pursuit of happiness.
3
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Peter Redpath’s Philosophy of History

100%
Hancock C. L.
Studia Gilsoniana
|
2016
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
55-93
EN
Peter Redpath is a distinguished historian of philosophy. He believes that the best way to acquire a philosophical education is through the study of philosophy’s history. Because he is convinced that ideas have consequences, he holds that the history of philosophy illuminates important events in history. Philosophy is a necessary condition for sound education, which, in turn, is a necessary condition for cultural and political leadership. Hence, the way educators and leaders shape culture reflects the effects of philosophy on culture. In light of this background, it is possible to discern in Redpath’s account of the history of philosophy a corresponding philosophy of history. This emerges as he explains how philosophers have produced changes in thinking that have profound consequences for the culture at large. Some of these changes, many of them significant, have been positive, but others have been disastrous. Much of Redpath’s philosophy of history diagnoses what went wrong in the history of philosophy so as to indicate why modern culture suffers considerable disorder. The good news is that Redpath’s philosophy of history prescribes ways to correct Western Civilization’s current malaise.
4
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GILSON O RACJONALNOŚCI WIARY CHRZEŚCIJAŃSKIEJ

100%
Hancock C. L., Chodna-Błach I.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2013
|
vol. 2
131-143
EN
The underlying skepticism of ancient Greek culture made it unreceptive of philosophy. It was the Catholic Church that embraced philosophy. Still, Étienne Gilson reminds us in Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages that some early Christians rejected philosophy. Their rejection was based on fideism: the view that faith alone provides knowledge. Philosophy is unnecessary and dangerous, fideists argue, because (1) anything known by reason can be better known by faith, and (2) reason, on account of the sin of pride, seeks to replace faith. To support this twofold claim, fideists, like Tertullian and Tatian, quote St. Paul. However, a judicious interpretation of St. Paul’s remarks shows that he does not object to philosophy per se but to erroneous philosophy. This interpretation is reinforced by St. Paul’s own background in philosophy and by his willingness to engage intellectuals critical of Christianity in the public square. The challenge of fideism brings up the interesting question: what would Jesus himself say about the discipline of philosophy? Could it be that Jesus himself was a philosopher (as George Bush once declared)? As the fullness of wisdom and intelligence, Jesus certainly understood philosophy, although not in the conventional sense. But surely, interpreting his life through the lens of fideism is unconvincing. Instead, an appreciation of his innate philosophical skills serves better to understand important elements of his mission. His perfect grasp of how grace perfects nature includes a philosophy of the human person. This philosophy grounded in common-sense analysis of human experience enables Jesus to be a profound moral philosopher. Specifically, he is able to explain the principles of personal actualization. Relying on ordinary experience, where good philosophy must start, he narrates moral lessons—parables—that illumine difficulties regarding moral responsibility and virtue. These parables are accessible but profound, showing how moral understanding must transcend Pharisaical legalism. Additionally, Jesus’ native philosophical power shows in his ability to explain away doctrinal confusions and to expose sophistical traps set by his enemies. If fideism is unconvincing, and if the great examples of the Patristics, the Apostles, and Jesus himself show an affinity for philosophy, then it is necessary to conclude that Christianity is a rational religion. Accordingly, the history of Christian culture is arguably an adventure in faith and reason. Since God is truth and the author of all truths, there is nothing in reality that is incompatible with Christian teaching. As John Paul II explains effectively in the encyclical, Fides et Ratio, Christianity is a religion that is rational and can defend itself. This ability to marshal a defense makes Christianity a religion for all seasons.
5
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DLACZEGO GILSON? DLACZEGO TERAZ?

100%
Hancock C. L., Tarasiewicz P.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2013
|
vol. 2
7-20
EN
The author identifies and discusses the most important elements of Étienne Gilson’s thought which emanate out of his articulation and defense of the Western Creed. To the question: why Gilson, why now?, the author offers a following answer: because we need to champion the Western Creed, defend philosophical realism, rightly interpret the history of philosophy, correctly comprehend Christian philosophy, and show that modernist and postmodernist systems are arbitrary. The author maintains that Gilson delivers us with the realist philosophy of the human person, shows us the undeniable advantages of philosophical realism, and formulates an original notion of Christian philosophy which appreciates that genuine philosophy is non-systematic in its nature, and that it can expose the failure of modernist philosophies that strive to be systems.
6
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GILSON ON THE RATIONALITY OF CHRISTIAN BELIEF

100%
Hancock C. L.
Studia Gilsoniana
|
2012
|
vol. 1
29-44
EN
The underlying skepticism of ancient Greek culture made it unreceptive of philosophy. It was the Catholic Church that embraced philosophy. Still, Étienne Gilson reminds us in Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages that some early Christians rejected philosophy. Their rejection was based on fideism: the view that faith alone provides knowledge. Philosophy is unnecessary and dangerous, fideists argue, because (1) anything known by reason can be better known by faith, and (2) reason, on account of the sin of pride, seeks to replace faith. To support this twofold claim, fideists, like Tertullian and Tatian, quote St. Paul. However, a judicious interpretation of St. Paul’s remarks show that he does not object to philosophy per se but to erroneous philosophy. This interpretation is reinforced by St. Paul’s own background in philosophy and by his willingness to engage intellectuals critical of Christianity in the public square. The challenge of fideism brings up the interesting question: what would Jesus himself say about the discipline of philosophy? Could it be that Jesus himself was a philosopher (as George Bush once declared)? As the fullness of wisdom and intelligence, Jesus certainly understood philosophy, although not in the conventional sense. But surely, interpreting his life through the lens of fideism is unconvincing. Instead, an appreciation of his innate philosophical skills serves better to understand important elements of his mission. His perfect grasp of how grace perfects nature includes a philosophy of the human person. This philosophy grounded in common-sense analysis of human experience enables Jesus to be a profound moral philosopher. Specifically, he is able to explain the principles of personal actualization. Relying on ordinary experience, where good philosophy must start, he narrates moral lessons—parables—that illumine difficulties regarding moral responsibility and virtue. These parables are accessible but profound, showing how moral understanding must transcend Pharisaical legalism. Additionally, Jesus’ native philosophical power shows in his ability to explain away doctrinal confusions and to expose sophistical traps set by his enemies. If fideism is unconvincing, and if the great examples of the Patristics, the Apostles, and Jesus himself show an affinity for philosophy, then it is necessary to conclude that Christianity is a rational religion. Accordingly, the history of Christian culture is arguably an adventure in faith and reason. Since God is truth and the author of all truths, there is nothing in reality that is incompatible with Christian teaching. As John Paul II explains effectively in the encyclical, Fides et Ratio, Christianity is a religion that is rational and can defend itself. This ability to marshal a defense makes Christianity a religion for all seasons.
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