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INFERENCE OR BEHAVIOUR - ON THE INFERENCES FROM CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

100%
Mackiewicz R.
Psychological Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 45
|
issue 4
41-50
EN
The purpose of the study was to present the discussion between two accounts of conditional reasoning: the mental model theory and the suppositional account. The paper present a critical analysis of both accounts with the review of the arguments provided by the proponents of both theories. According to the mental model account conditional inference is made through building mental models compatible with the information given in the premises. The models can be modified by means of semantic and pragmatic modulation. The proponents of the suppositional theory state that basic understanding of a conditional is psychologically equivalent to the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. The conflict between both accounts may be a result of different methodologies but the main argument concerns the assumption of the truth-functionality. In the view of the model theory the beliefs are certain if there are no counterexamples that contradict those beliefs.
2

How order of information affects reasoning

63%
Mackiewicz R., Johnson-Laird P. N.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2004
|
vol. 35
|
issue 4
197-208
EN
The theory of mental models predicts that the difficulty of deductive reasoning should depend in part on the order of processing the premises. Those orders that call for an initial construction of multiple models should be harder than those that call for an initial construction of only one model that can be merely updated from subsequent premises. Experiment 1 demonstrated effects of order in the evaluation of given conclusions, and it eliminated potential confounds, including the coherence of the sequence of clauses in the premises. Experiment 2 corroborated the prediction in a more complex task in which the participants drew conclusions for themselves. Order affected both the times they took to read the premises and the accuracy of their conclusions. The paper discusses the results in the light of current theories of reasoning.
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