The main question of my paper—inspired by Aby Warburg’s notion of Pathosformeln and his reading of Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal— is how animals can represent pathos of human experience in a way, which humanistic, purely anthropocentric forms of expression can no longer account for. In order to present my argument I would like to analyse three examples from literature. Rainer Maria Rilke’s Malte, Thomas Bernhard’s Distortion and W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz. In all three cases animal are necessary to express human pathos but the intensity of this expression seems to go far beyond the limits of the traditional human-animal division.
This attempted analysis focuses on the motif of empathy in the oeuvre of W. G. Sebald from the historical perspective and within the context of relations between the text and the image in Austerlitz. The argument is based on a fragment in which the titular protagonist, seeking an image of his mother, comes across a Nazi propaganda film made in the Theresienstadt ghetto at the end of the war. Apparently, the path towards an empathetic encounter with one’s past and the traumatic history of Europe leads across montage, in which observed images become rendered as problems and salvaged.
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