The ability to introduce various concepts and business models is nowadays a prerequisite of creating a competitive advantage. This is to a large extent closely linked to the ability of enterprises to create, implement and disseminate a variety of innovative solutions. Today the use of open innovation is a necessity. This applies not only to large organisations, but also to small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to implement open innovation, small and medium-sized enterprises need to effectively manage their own growth through the preparation of appropriate strategies and the development of a model that encompasses all changes, taking into account a number of factors related to the growth dynamics of this sector. It is understood that an appropriate organisational culture plays an important role in the implementation of innovation in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. There are many indications that a cultural mismatch and misunderstanding are the main reasons for major problems related to the low level of implementation of innovation by small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the paper is to outline the issue of the impact of organisational culture on the development of the concept of open innovation in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises.
The text is an attempt to take a look into novel entitled Ziemia Nod by Radosław Kobierski from the perspective of those characters, who wander. Exile is not only a forced and temporary place trade, but also a constantly renewing inner state of characters, who have different nationality, status and age. The essence of the title land is created with different and overlapping experiences of an exile, emigration and displacements.
PL
Tekst jest próbą przyjrzenia się powieści Ziemia Nod Radosława Kobierskiego z perspektywy tych bohaterów, którzy błądzą. Wygnanie nie jest w niej jedynie przymusową i przejściową zmianą miejsca, ale też nieustannie odnawiającym się stanem wewnętrznym bohaterów różnej narodowości, pozycji społecznej i wieku. Istotę tytułowej krainy tworzą kolejne, nakładające się na siebie doświadczenia tułaczki, emigracji i wysiedlenia.
Polish accession to the European Union has set many challenges facing the country in a variety of ways: social, economic and political. It created a chance of getting financial support for rural development. The chance of growth among local communities depends on the capacity to self-organize their efforts and making creative collective activity. The activities of local authorities dependents on people, their ideas and the way in which they understand the goal of the local authority, so the level of social capital may significantly influence the pattern of local social politics. This article aims to highlight the role of the Local Activity Group (LAG) in the social and economic communities implementing the Common Strategy of the Local Development.
An argument from illusion assumes that the illusion occurring in perception is a reason to redefine the ordinary account of perception as a direct and immediate access to reality, therefore it suffice to refute a direct realism. Many theories of perception where arisen to address the problem, the most popular ones are: the sense-datum theory, the adverbial theory, the intentionalist theory and the most recent the disjunctivist theory. Recent work in psychology and philosophy of mind on change blindness and related phenomena elicit a new skepticism about the nature of perception which is called a grand illusion hypothesis. It seems that doubts engendered by this hypothesis goes even further than those of the argument from illusion, because it suggests that subjects have a radically false beliefs about what their perceptual experience is like. I ’d like to consider the number of ways of understanding the hypothesis and evaluate them. It seems that we have tree ways of coping with the grand illusion problem: accepting the new skeptic account (Dennett, Blackmore i Rensink), rebuilt the theory of perception so it avoids the problem (Noe, O’Regan, A. Clark) or show the grand illusion isn’t really that grand, actually it’s modest and familiar one, but at the same time it teaches us a lot about the nature of visual perception (Cohen, Siewert, Mack).
An argument from illusion assumes that the illusion occurring in perception is a reason to redefine the ordinary account of perception as a direct and immediate access to reality, therefore it suffice to refute a direct realism. Many theories of perception where arisen to address the problem, the most popular ones are: the sense-datum theory, the adverbial theory, the intentionalist theory and the most recent the disjunctivist theory. Recent work in psychology and philosophy of mind on change blindness and related phenomena elicit a new skepticism about the nature of perception which is called a grand illusion hypothesis. It seems that doubts engendered by this hypothesis goes even further than those of the argument from illusion, because it suggests that subjects have a radically false beliefs about what their perceptual experience is like. I ’d like to consider the number of ways of understanding the hypothesis and evaluate them. It seems that we have tree ways of coping with the grand illusion problem: accepting the new skeptic account (Dennett, Blackmore i Rensink), rebuilt the theory of perception so it avoids the problem (Noe, O’Regan, A. Clark) or show the grand illusion isn’t really that grand, actually it’s modest and familiar one, but at the same time it teaches us a lot about the nature of visual perception (Cohen, Siewert, Mack).
W prezentowanym artykule uwidacznia się zależność zachodzącą między systemem zarządzania jakością, który jest wdrażany do urzędów administracji publicznej a ich kulturą organizacyjną. Świadomość tych powiązań wydaje się szalenie istotna, gdyż jej efektem jest nowa jakość usług świadczonych przez urząd. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównych kierunków zmian kultury organizacyjnej urzędu po wprowadzeniu systemu zarządzania jakością. Realizacja celu pozwala stwierdzić, że podstawą wszelkich zmian w urzędach, które prowadzą do doskonalenia jakości jest kultura organizacyjna.
This article focuses on Monika Muskała’s Między „Placem Bohaterów” a „Rechnitz”. Austriackie rozliczenia [Between the Heroes Square and Rechnitz. Settling the Austrian Cases] with regard to Elfriede Jelinek’s “Rechnitz (The Angel of Death)” included in it. Moreover, it shows how Jelinek’s play has been adapted in Polish theatres and discusses other publications dedicated to the Rechnitz massacre of March 1945 (including Martin Pollack’s and Sacha Batthyany’s books). Various materials regarding Jewish people being forced to work in Burgenland and its territories are recalled in the article, which also calls for perceiving the Rechnitz as one of many crimes that took place in the last stage of World War II: not a unique case (this issue is tackled in Walter Manoschek’s research), but the Endphaseverbrechen instead.
PL
Artykuł jest omówieniem książki Moniki Muskały Między „Placem Bohaterów” a „Rechnitz”. Austriackie rozliczenia, z uwzględnieniem zamieszczonego w niej utworu Elfriede Jelinek Rechnitz (Anioł Zagłady). W tekście wyszczególnione zostają wystawione w Polsce spektakle teatralne na podstawie dramatu Jelinek, a także inne książki odwołujące się do masakry, do której doszło w Rechnitz w marcu 1945 roku (A co ja mam z tym wspólnego? Sachy Batthyany’ego i Topografia pamięci Martina Pollacka). Autorka przywołuje materiały dotyczące żydowskich pracowników przymusowych z terenów Burgenlandu i sygnalizuje przy tym potrzebę patrzenia na Rechnitz jako na jedną z wielu zbrodni okresu końcowego, Endphaseverbrechen, a nie przypadek odosobniony (na podstawie badań Waltera Manoscheka).
This article focuses on Monika Muskała’s Między „Placem Bohaterów” a „Rechnitz”. Austriackie rozliczenia [Between the Heroes Square and Rechnitz. Settling the Austrian Cases] with regard to Elfriede Jelinek’s “Rechnitz (The Angel of Death)” included in it. Moreover, it shows how Jelinek’s play has been adapted in Polish theatres and discusses other publications dedicated to the Rechnitz massacre of March 1945 (including Martin Pollack’s and Sacha Batthyany’s books). Various materials regarding Jewish people being forced to work in Burgenland and its territories are recalled in the article, which also calls for perceiving the Rechnitz as one of many crimes that took place in the last stage of World War II: not a unique case (this issue is tackled in Walter Manoschek’s research), but the Endphaseverbrechen instead.
PL
Artykuł jest omówieniem książki Moniki Muskały Między „Placem Bohaterów” a „Rechnitz”. Austriackie rozliczenia, z uwzględnieniem zamieszczonego w niej utworu Elfriede Jelinek Rechnitz (Anioł Zagłady). W tekście wyszczególnione zostają wystawione w Polsce spektakle teatralne na podstawie dramatu Jelinek, a także inne książki odwołujące się do masakry, do której doszło w Rechnitz w marcu 1945 roku (A co ja mam z tym wspólnego? Sachy Batthyany’ego i Topografia pamięci Martina Pollacka). Autorka przywołuje materiały dotyczące żydowskich pracowników przymusowych z terenów Burgenlandu i sygnalizuje przy tym potrzebę patrzenia na Rechnitz jako na jedną z wielu zbrodni okresu końcowego, Endphaseverbrechen, a nie przypadek odosobniony (na podstawie badań Waltera Manoscheka).
The article is a discussion of a study by Rafał Pokrywka titled Współczesna powieść niemieckojęzyczna (Kraków 2018). The author of the study analysed selected works written at the turn of the 21st century, and – in an interesting manner – developed his discussion around a progression of three dimensions of time: the past, the present, and the future, which constitute the contexts for reading individual narratives. The interpretations of German, Austrian, and Swiss novels, both these which exist as Polish translations and these which have not yet been translated, are accompanied by cultural and sociological contexts, while the (re)definitions of the words used in the title of Pokrywka’s volume presented in the introduction enable one to place this original overview in the context of modern studies on the most recent literature.
The article has interpretative character, and attempts to take a deeper look into the story of Thomas Bernhard An der Baumgrenze (the title of the polish translation is Na granicy lasów) from a wood-forest perspective and a border experience which goes beyond its topographical meaning. Forests or individual trees in the austrian writer’s creation are connected with characters minds. In this space they often reach the limit of madness, lose control of themselves, what ultimately leads to death. The text also focuses on the paintings of Anton Lehmden – a representative of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism – which are included in the tome containing An der Baumgrenze and creatively complements Bernhard’s narrations.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter interpretacyjny i stanowi próbę przyjrzenia się opowiadaniu Thomasa Bernharda pt. An der Baumgrenze (tytuł polskiego tłumaczenia brzmi Na granicy lasów) z perspektywy drzewno-leśnej oraz doświadczenia granicy, która wykracza poza swoje topograficzne znaczenie. Lasy lub pojedyncze drzewa związane są w twórczości austriackiego pisarza z umysłami bohaterów. W przestrzeni tej często dochodzą oni do granicy obłędu, tracą kontrolę nad sobą, co ostatecznie prowadzi do śmierci. Tekst koncentruje się także na rycinach Antona Lehmdena – przedstawiciela Wiedeńskiej Szkoły Realizmu Fantastycznego – które znajdują się w tomie zawierającym An der Baumgrenze i twórczo dopełniają narracje Bernharda.
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