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Internet jako narzędzie komunikacji politycznej w społeczeństwie obywatelskim

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Zawadzki J.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2007
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issue 2
181-196
EN
We are currently witnessing an ongoing information revolution. It creates new standards of obtaining and managing information in various organizations, including political ones. G. Rydlewski justifiably claims that the information revolution is characterized by several features: the factor of territorial union decreases in importance, whereas the significance of channels of communication flow increases at the expense of classical instruments of political power. Power shifts from the management of resources to themanagement of flows. Some new technologiesmake some of themethods formerly applied by politicians useless. A so-called political cyberspace is emerging. The consequences of this process may involve extensive transformations in the way power is exercised. The scope of the issues involving themechanisms of direct democracy will expand.By this token the realmof the functioning of civic societywill also expand.
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System finansowania partii politycznych w Polsce - praktyka i kierunki rozwoju

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Zawadzki J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 169
216-225
EN
The system of financing political parties in Poland is based on the principle of budgetary subsidy. Commonly criticised, the system underwent a change in 2011, which meant a 50 % decrease in the subsidy. The change was received positively by the general public, although the system requires further reforms. They might evolve in three directions, namely: 1. eradication of subsidy and considering political parties private enterprises, 2. replacing the already existing system with the so - called targeted subsidies, 3. introducing 1 % deduction from the income tax of the citizens. In the Polish political conditions, connected with the present majority electoral law, targeted subsidies seem to be the most effective solution, though. There are many such examples in this area in other European Union countries.
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