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PL
W pierwszych latach naszej ery miasto Tyras pozostawało w sojuszu z królami trackimi. Około roku 46 n.e. zawarło sojusz z sarmackimi władcami Olbii, którzy byli sojusznikami Rzymu. W roku 56/57 n.e. miasto mogło otrzymać od Rzymu gwarancję swobody. Za czasów Flawiuszy w Tyras rozpoczęto emisję typowo prowincjonalnych monet, które mogą być przejawem „unii walutowej” z Cesarstwem Rzymskim. Bardzo możliwe, że w tym czasie obywatele Tyras otrzymali przywilej celny. Po wojnach dackich Trajana w Tyras ustanowiono rzymski garnizon. W II wieku, a najprawdopodobniej w czasach Hadriana, miasto zostało włączone do Mezji Dolnej. Około połowy III wieku z powodu trudnej sytuacji militarnej nad Dunajem rzymski garnizon został wycofany. W II połowie III wieku stała ze stałą obecnością Rzymian należy się liczyć tylko w południowej części Budżaku nad Dunajem. Tam też nasilił się handel z ludnością zamieszkującą Budżak kosztem dolnego Naddniestrza. W takich okolicznościach nastąpił upadek ekonomiczny tego regionu. Upadek kultury antycznej w dolnym Naddniestrzu i Budżaku nastąpił w wyniku najazdu Hunów w latach 375-376.
EN
In the early years AD the city of Tyras remained in an alliance with the Thracian kings. After 46 AD, and possibly slightly earlier, the city entered into an alliance with the Sarmatian rulers of Olbia, who are allies of Rome. In 56/57 AD Tyras could receive a guarantee of freedom from Rome. At the time of the Flavians Tyras began to strike coins typical for the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. This could have been the result of a “monetary union”. It is possible that during this same period the city received a customs privilege. After the Dacian wars of Trajan a Roman garrison was established in Tyras. In the 2nd century, most probably during Hadrian’s reign, the city was incorporated into Lower Moesia. Around the middle of the third century, due to the difficult military situation on the Danube, the permanent garrison was withdrawn from Tyras. In the second half of the third century with the permanent presence of the Romans is confirmed only in the southern part of Boudjak, on the Danube. At the same time in those areas trade with the inhabitants of Boudjak increased at the cost of the Lower Dniester area. In such circumstances, the city declined economically. The collapse of ancient culture in this area should be connected with the invasion of the Huns in 375-376.
EN
In the years 2009-2016, on the premises of St Nicholas church in Gniew, archaeological research was carried out, during which almost three hundred coins were found. The numismatic items cover the period from the 16th century to 1941. The study deals with the issue of the circulation of town coins from Gdańsk, Elbląg and Toruń in the years 1658-1766. The coins constitute the basis for comparison with finds from St John the Baptist church and St John the Evangelist church in Gdańsk, the currently non-existent church in Rumia and finds from the Radunia Canal. Previous research on coins found on the aforementioned sites enables to present some conclusions concerning the circulation of town coins in Royal Prussia. Taking into account the location of Gniew among other Prussian towns and the number of town shillings found: ten coins from Gdańsk, nine coins from Elbląg and eleven coins from Toruń, it can be assumed that these coins had an equivalent circulation on the site in question. The coins can be divided into three chronological periods: the issue of John II Casimir and Michael I, the period of ceasing to mint the town shillings, coins of Augustus III and Stanisław August Poniatowski. Apart from the town shillings from the period in question twenty-six Prussian shillings were also found, including the shilling of Duke Frederick William I from 1669 and the occupation shilling of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna from 1761. The work on numismatic items was aimed at finding at least partial answers to the theses put forward in the text related to the separate domination zones of individual shillings.
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