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EN
PhD dissertation Influence of Polish Sign Language for the shape of the works written by the Deaf is dedicated to Polish Sign Language (further: PSL) and its users - the society of Polish Deaf (written in a capital letter like other cultural minorities for example Rome minority). My work belongs to the scientific area of Polish sign linguistics and Polish as a foreign language teaching. The aim of my work is to research influence of PSL for the written works of Polish deaf teenage students. My informants are native users of PSL whose mother tongue is the sign language. The research was based on contrastive grammar of the Polish language and Polish Sign Language. The theoretical part includes the definition of visual-space languages, particularly of PSL. PSL is different from the spoken Polish language, with its own grammar of space-visual character, not of ear modal one, like standard Polish. In my work I also present the idea of bilingual education of the Deaf in Poland and their situation here. The practical part of my PhD work is connected with a big theoretical chapter devoted to comparison of grammatical systems of the Polish language and PSL. My analysis concentrates on morphological interferences in the range of: the noun, the verb, the adjective, the pronoun, the numeral, the preposition, the conjunction. I analyse the empirical material paying special attention to syntactic interferences in the range of: syntactic connections, simple sentences , reported and direct speech, complex sentences.
EN
The subject of the article is the problem of difficulty with the perception and production of Polish language vowels by foreigner students. In phonetics a vowel is a sound in spoken language pronounced with an open vocal tract. The Polish vowel system is relatively simple, with just six oral monophthongs and two nasals, while the consonant system is more complex. The author presents a detailed description of Polish vowels. The very important point of this text is presentation of phonetic difficulties foreigner students have during studying Polish. We also have a list of books, manuals, scientific supports with vowels training and exercises here. The author of this article underlines that correct articulation of vowels gives a guarantee being understood.
EN
This is the interview with professor Elwira Grossman, Lecturer in Polish and Comparative Literature at the School of Modern Languages and Cultures at the University of Glasgow. Professor Grossman talks about her interests, areas of research, work, students learning the Polish language, and about the difficult situation of Polish emigrants and their children in the United Kingdom.
EN
The article presents a group of special small words of particular significance, as they have the ability to change the entire meaning of a basic sentence. These words have the capacity to directly express the intention of the speaker. They are called 'modulators', 'relators', or 'emotional operators'. Foreigners who are learning the Polish language can have problems with understanding these special words, as a result it is the author's intention to clarify and provide the rules regarding their usage.
EN
This article is dedicated to a great Polish composer, woman, forgotten by the Polish society.TeklaBądarzewska launched a new kind of music with a light mass character, which was extracted from the classical music. Her work titled „Maiden’s Prayer" has been travelling around the world for 160 years. Unfortunately, almost no one knows the composer’s name and her nationality. The times in which she lived did not accept women – composers. She was born in Mława in 1829 and died in 1861 year in Warsaw. Her music beside beauty and simplicity contains patriotic elements, which was an act of courage in the Poland’s political situation.
EN
“How beautiful Warsaw is in July…” – is a series of twelve Warsaw Meetings with Polish Language and Polish Culture, in which students from all over the world take part. They attend Polish language classes, workshops, audiovisual presentations and film screenings. For the participants who are interested in poetry, we organize special classes, where our students can learn and declaim Polish poems. Every year they have opportunity to meet famous Polish people: writers, movie directors etc. Among the guests of the “Polonicum” were: Marek Bieńczyk, Kira Gałczyńska, Beata Michalec, Piotr Parandowski and Krzysztof Zanussi.
EN
This article is devoted to a problem of an articulation of r. Not only foreigners have problems with pronounce of this vibrating sound. Also Polish people do. This is nothing to be ashamed of. Many famous people could not articulate their R's. In this work first there is a theoretical describing of the sound r, variety types of it, problem of correct articulation. After there are the propositions of phonetic exercises, examples of words and sentences full of r.The bibliography is an inspiration to create more speech therapy ideas and exercises improving the sound r.
EN
In the paper the authorpresents a list of phoneticdifferencesbetweentwolanguages: Polish and Russian ones. Theseinformationscanhelp Russian languagestudents,theirteachers and alsotheir speech therapistsrealizewhichplaces of Polish speech aredifficult and why. Theycan be helpful to find the way to developstudents’Polisharticulation, accent and melody. The authorofferhere a big variety ofphoneticexercises to practicePolishvocals and consonants.
EN
The article is about the Deaf and his language. Polish Sign Language (PSL) is not only the way the Deaf communicate, but it is also the language, in which signs are not only iconic, but also arbitrary (symbolic) in character. PSL is not a universal language. There is also presented the idea of bilingual education of the Deaf in Poland and their situation here. The idea of bilingualism emerged a few decades ago in the USA and Europe; it reached Poland in the late 1980’s. According to it, the Deaf represent a language minority, sign language being their native tongue. In the course of school education they acquire inter alia the language of the hearing majority as a “foreign” one; normally, in its written variant, which is the only accessible to them. Bilingual school curricula for the Deaf are typical of the USA, Sweden, England, Denmark, Norway and Finland. Poland is still far behind.For the last 150 years deaf education in Poland has concentrated on spoken Polish. Practically, bilingualism does not work in our country. The Warsaw Institute of the Deaf seems to be one of few places in Poland where bilingual education is an everyday practice. The Deaf are a cultural and language minority and they should be taught on the special language courses dedicated only to them as PSL users (similarly to the courses of Polish language for Slavic, Roman or Asian language students). The teacher of the deaf students should know PSL which is the natural language of the Polish Deaf.
EN
The article analyzes the possibility of India becoming a global power. This vast, highly populated and strategically located country already has great potential - economic, military, political, cultural and scientific. While a lot has been written about „the elephant's" economic boom and its foreign affairs with other countries, the author was eager and devoted to present the current situation and the necessary developments which will enable India to achieve glo¬bal power status within the next four decades. The analysis of the potential of this country is made by studying its internal affairs. The author describes advantages and chances contributing positive¬ly to India's power aspirations, as well as obstacles and threats curbing development. She also provides characterization of India and its people, and analyzes specific features and phenomena of the nation and the state - both strengths and weaknesses relevant in the endeavor to gain power status. The main part of the paper outlines social, cultural, religious, political, economic and ecological problems facing that country. The conclusion states that India can become a global power - only if it effectively overcomes its internal challenges.
EN
This article is about the methods of training our speech organs: a tounge, a mouth,a soft palate and a lower jaw. These methods help us to speak more clearly and be understood. There are very important informations for Polish language teachers and their foreign students having problems with Polish pronunciation. These techniques show how to precise sound articulation. We as a language users have to know what we speak but also have to know how we do it. We have to know how to manage our own voice very well and correctly.
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