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EN
The article presents Les Nuits by Alfred de Musset – one of the most interesting romantic poetical cycle, as a testimony of the act of creation. The topos of turning to the Muse is reinterpreted, it takes a form of an argument over poetry between the Poet and the Muse. A Poet opposes the poetry expressed to the silent poetry of the hart; he refuses to verbalise his painful experiences, which means, that he refuses to create. Finally, a Poet accepts to regard his emotions from a distance: in a perspective of the Muse, which permits to create. These two attitudes overlap because each of them determinate the lyrical subject of the cycle, tradition overlaps the individual genius. Conclusion of the article is that Musset’s cycle is a kind of poetry witch, paradoxally, indicates rejection of the poetry.
EN
The paper takes part in a revisionist discussion on relations between Romanticism and modernity in Polish and – especially – French literature studies. The attention is focused on recent books of Michael Löwy and Robert Sayre, Michel Brix, Alain Vaillant, Jean-Pierre Bertrand and Pascal Durand. The presented aspects of the relation Romanticism-modernity evoked by French researchers are: problem of definition of Romanticism, its temporal fron-tiers, coexistence of its contradictory trends, and – the most important – category of crisis, rupture with a language of poetry in force. This presentation leads to a comparison of analyses concerning situation of Polish and French literature in 19th century, and to a question about a possibility of transposition of some elements of French studies on Polish conditions. A revision of classifications, research of latent trends and tendencies, reflection on Romanticism as “modern antimodernism” is postulated.
Wielogłos
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 7-8
PL
„SCHOOL OF DISENCHANTMENT” IN THE DIGRESSIVE POEMS: SŁOWACKI – MUSSETThe article constitutes a comparative analysis of three Romantic digressive poems: Juliusz Słowacki’s Podróż do Ziemi Świętej z Neapolu and Beniowski (Journey From Naples to the Holy Land) and Alfred de Musset’s Namuna; at all of the poems are presented as an expression of the crisis of the  eneration of writers born around the year 1810 and often referred to as école du désenchantement. The experience of disappointment and disenchantment with reality, which is characteristic of this generation, becomes transformed here into a loss of faith in the power of one’s own poetry which is associated with the „anxiety of infl uence”. The interpretation of the texts aims at highlighting the means used by the cadet-poets which are specifi c to Romantic irony and at presenting them as a strategy for dealing with the crisis through turning it into the main topic and transforming it into the subject of poetry.
EN
Norwid and Baudelaire, born in the same year (1821), unconsciously put themselves in a specific position which Paul Valéry described as a ‘situation’. Its fundamental basis is poets’ determination to define themselves against their great Romantic predecessors, stand out and finally, to release themselves from the constraints of the Romantic influence. The position the two poets find themselves in defines their attitude to Romanticism which is based on carrying on and breaking up with the Romantic tradition and this, on the other hand, makes a time mark even more difficult to establish. Their position is presented in the context of contemporary categories such as Romanticism, 19th-century culture model, generation, modernity, and crisis. Such perspective makes it possible to recognise a shared sense of unity in Norwid and Baudelaire’s literary outputs as well as in their reception styles despite the fact the poets are essentially beyond any comparison.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy szczególnego położenia wspólnego Norwidowi i Baudelaire’owi urodzonym w tym samym 1821 r., które Paul Valéry określił mianem „sytuacji”. Jej podstawą jest konieczność określenia się wobec wielkich poprzedników − romantycznych wieszczów, odróżnienia się, walki z wpływem. Pozycja obu poetów, która określa ich stosunek do romantyzmu oparty na kontynuacji i zerwaniu (co utrudnia ustanowienie cezury), ukazana jest w kontekście współcześnie rozumianych kategorii takich jak romantyzm, dziewiętnastowieczność, pokolenie, nowoczesność czy kryzys. Taka perspektywa pozwala dostrzec wspólnotę twórczości i recepcji pisarzy zasadniczo nieporównywalnych.
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Czarna przędza” Baudelaire’a

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EN
The article shows Baudelaire’s poetry as a sign of both fascination and disgust with melancholy at the same time, which paradoxically results in an over-representation of melancholic images. Black yarn is the key image in the interpretation of Fleurs du mal presented here. Blackness appears as a sign of emptiness, of what is lost, as something interiorized and appropriated by a melancholic subject. The article proves that this emptiness and abysmal desolation in Baudelaire’s texts provide the substantive weight and that blackness becomes the materialization of melancholy and the matter of poetry at the same time, which leads us directly to a melancholic poetry par excellence.
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EN
This article attempts to define the place of elegiac modality in the literary output of Victor Hugo. The starting point for the discussion and at the same time appropriate interpretative tool is the definition of elegy derived from the writings of German theoreticians of Romanticism: Friedrich Schiller and Friedrich Schlegel. The thing is question is the elegiac attitude based on exposing of what is ideal and lost at the same time. The above, indeed, constitutes an answer to the questions of the experience of crisis so inherent to Romanticism. Analyses of the early poetical volumes written by the author show a particular evolution of Hugo’s conception of poetry. Politically committed The Odes, being anti-elegiac by assumption, are discussed, as well as purely poetical Eastern poems overtly promoting limitless freedom which characterizes the creative imagination. The interpretation of individual poems from these volumes proves, however, that one can discern a certain elegiac tone in them, though the tone is never dominant. The volume that distinctively enhances the elegy (thus far discredited by Hugo and from then on permanently occurring in his works) turns out to be Autumn Leaves - a collection of poems of contemplative, melancholic, visionary and self-reflective character.
PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję lektury pism Norwida i Baudelaire’a jako przekraczających romantyzm, choć z niego wyrastających, prekursorów nowoczesności, dotkniętych – jak pisał W. Benjamin – niegościnnym doświadczeniem epoki wielkiego przemysłu. Analiza porównawcza skupia się na diagnozie współczesności, zawartej w tekstach obu poetów, związanej ze zjawiskami wielkomiejskimi, tłumem, flâneurie, wyobcowaniem. Autorka eksponuje techniki opisu tych zjawisk przez obu pisarzy i różne na nie reakcje. Dowodzi, że Baudelaire identyfikuje się ze swoim miastem, akceptuje jego ułomność, choć dostrzega w nim także zagrożenie dla autonomii jednostki, Norwid natomiast zachowuje dystans pozwalający na moralną ocenę. Artykuł wydobywa te podobieństwa i różnice, ukazując stosunek pisarzy do urbanizacji i w ogóle do procesów modernizacyjnych jako ambiwalentny, niejednoznaczny, wymagający zmierzenia się i z miastem, i z samym sobą.
EN
The article is a proposal to read the writings of Norwid and Baudelaire as works going beyond Romanticism, although they arise from it, as precursors of modernity, affected – as W. Benjamin wrote – by the inhospitable experience of the era of great industry. The comparative analysis focuses on the diagnosis of the present as demonstrated in the texts of both poets, associated with urban phenomena, crowd, flâneurie and alienation. The author exposes the techniques of description of these phenomena by both writers and various reactions to them. She proves that Baudelaire identifies himself with his city, accepts its imperfections, although he also sees in it a threat to the autonomy of an individual, while Norwid keeps a distance allowing for moral evaluation. The article brings out these similarities and differences, showing the writers’ attitude towards urbanization and, generally, to modernization processes as ambivalent, ambiguous and demanding to confront both the city and oneself.
EN
The article is a proposal to read the writings of Norwid and Baudelaire as works going beyond Romanticism, although they arise from it, as precursors of modernity, affected – as W. Benjamin wrote – by the inhospitable experience of the era of great industry. The comparative analysis focuses on the diagnosis of the present as demonstrated in the texts of both poets, associated with urban phenomena, crowd, flâneurie and alienation. The author exposes the techniques of description of these phenomena by both writers and various reactions to them. She proves that Baudelaire identifies himself with his city, accepts its imperfections, although he also sees in it a threat to the autonomy of an individual, while Norwid keeps a distance allowing for moral evaluation. The article brings out these similarities and differences, showing the writers’ attitude towards urbanization and, generally, to modernization processes as ambivalent, ambiguous and demanding to confront both the city and oneself.
PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję lektury pism Norwida i Baudelaire’a jako przekraczających romantyzm, choć z niego wyrastających, prekursorów nowoczesności, dotkniętych – jak pisał W. Benjamin – niegościnnym doświadczeniem epoki wielkiego przemysłu. Analiza porównawcza skupia się na diagnozie współczesności, zawartej w tekstach obu poetów, związanej ze zjawiskami wielkomiejskimi, tłumem, flâneurie, wyobcowaniem. Autorka eksponuje techniki opisu tych zjawisk przez obu pisarzy i różne na nie reakcje. Dowodzi, że Baudelaire identyfikuje się ze swoim miastem, akceptuje jego ułomność, choć dostrzega w nim także zagrożenie dla autonomii jednostki, Norwid natomiast zachowuje dystans pozwalający na moralną ocenę. Artykuł wydobywa te podobieństwa i różnice, ukazując stosunek pisarzy do urbanizacji i w ogóle do procesów modernizacyjnych jako ambiwalentny, niejednoznaczny, wymagający zmierzenia się i z miastem, i z samym sobą.
EN
The article is a proposal to read the writings of Norwid and Baudelaire as works going beyond Romanticism, although they arise from it, as precursors of modernity, affected – as W. Benjamin wrote – by the inhospitable experience of the era of great industry. The comparative analysis focuses on the diagnosis of the present as demonstrated in the texts of both poets, associated with urban phenomena, crowd, flâneurie and alienation. The author exposes the techniques of description of these phenomena by both writers and various reactions to them. She proves that Baudelaire identifies himself with his city, accepts its imperfections, although he also sees in it a threat to the autonomy of an individual, while Norwid keeps a distance allowing for moral evaluation. The article brings out these similarities and differences, showing the writers’ attitude towards urbanization and, generally, to modernization processes as ambivalent, ambiguous, demanding to confront the city and oneself.
10
Content available remote

Mickiewiczowski palimpsest

63%
Wielogłos
|
2008
|
vol. 1
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issue 3
PL
Recenzja książki M. Kuziak, Wielka całość. Dyskursy kulturowe Mickiewicza, Słupsk 2006
EN
Texts and bibliographical materials included in this section, present the figure and scientific achievements of prof. dr hab. Jacek Brzozowski, an outstanding literary scholar and editor of the polish language studies in Lodz, who died on June 18, 2017.
PL
Teksty i materiały bibliograficzne, zamieszczone w tym dziale, prezentują sylwetkę i dorobek naukowy prof. dr hab. Jacka Brzozowskiego, wybitnego literaturoznawcy i edytora z łódzkiej polonistyki, zmarłego 18 czerwca 2017 roku.
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