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ARCHAICKÁ DNA, PALEOGENETIKA, KULTÚRNA HISTÓRIA. PREČO BY MALI ZAUJÍMAŤ AJ HISTORIKOV A HISTORIČKY

100%
Bača M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 3
487–513
EN
This paper advances understanding of the ancient genomics revolution of the last decade drawing upon the recent archaeological debate concerning key epistemological and methodological issues. On many levels, ancient DNA becomes a concept of general interest. It is evident that historians are also becoming increasingly professionally involved and should therefore engage more in this discussion. As a model for demonstrating the most evident interdisciplinary obstacles which occurs when dealing with the ancient DNA, I chose a popular topic, concerning the 3rd millennium BC migration from the Pontic-Caspian steppes westward. It has currently been backed by archaeogenetics and is supposed to correlate with the spread of Indo-European languages.
2

TRACING TAPHONOMIC PROCESSES. MULTIPLE LAYER ANALYSIS OF CERAMIC DISTRIBUTION FROM SURFACE COLLECTION AND EXCAVATION AT THE EARLY BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT OF VRÁBLE-FIDVAR

33%
Rassmann K., Bátora J., Muller-Scheessel N., Reiter S., Ivanova M., Behrens A., Radloff K., Bača M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
219 – 234
EN
Surface find distribution analysis is a standard tool within the archaeological prospection arsenal. Nevertheless, the results are often met with a certain degree of scepticism and disapproval. The most common objection revolves around the idea that recent agricultural impact causes too much ‘noise’. The Early Bronze Age (EBA) settlement of Vráble has been subjugated to intensive agricultural use over the past decades meaning that thousands of archaeological finds are scattered over the surface of the site. The richness of these finds and the availability of multi-layered information offer exceptional preconditions with which to evaluate the potential of surface distributions. In order to investigate the possibilities and limitations of these phenomena, we focussed on making a detailed analysis of the spatial pattern of ceramic finds within different scales and layers. The excavation data from the two key areas were used to analyse the correlation of archaeological features with the occurrence of sherds in different layers in order to understand and reconstruct the taphonomic processes involved. Our starting point took the form of a large-scale surface collection which covered the settlement and delivered detailed information regarding its internal structure. Subsequent steps analysed higher resolution data from collections in a 2 x 2 m grid as well as from topsoil sampling from 1 x 1 m squares. This data was juxtaposed with that from excavations which took place in the very same area at a later date. What was crucial here was the question of the transformation of the upper settlement layer to the recent arable topsoil and the traceability of EBA houses, paths or pits in terms of sherd distribution. The sum of these results has enabled us to evaluate both the possibilities and limitations of the spatial analysis of ceramic finds. Specifically, this example illustrates the potential of revealing more general structures in a given settlement through analysis of ceramic distributions.
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