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1

Kryptonim „Fala” – działania SB prowadzone w związku z potajemnym wywiezieniem Obrazu Nawiedzenia z Jasnej Góry (14–20 czerwca 1972 r.)

100%

Noszczak B.

Przegląd Archiwalny Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej

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2011

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vol. 4

159-178

2

We, The Nation

100%

Noszczak B.

Studia Theologica Varsaviensia

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2018

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vol. 56

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issue 2

51-67

EN

The aim of the Millennium Programme of Primate Wyszyński was to prepare Poles for the millennium of baptism of their country. Social issues have taken an important place in this project. The primate, referring to the problems connected with the life of Poles, emphasised the importance of the transcendental element. He taught that the future of a nation depends on personal involvement in „working on oneself”. He pointed to the national drawbacks of Poles, and then he taught how to get rid of them. In the 1966 jubilee year he repeatedly referred to what Poland is for him and who Poles are in the second millennium of their Christianity. A characteristic feature of this vision was the conviction of the exceptional significance of the Polish nation, which – devoted to the Motherly slavery of Mary – was to continue to work in order to remain semper fidelis regardless of the circumstances.

3

Przesiedlenie żeńskich zgromadzeń zakonnych z województw katowickiego, opolskiego i wrocławskiego (sierpień 1954)

100%

Noszczak B.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2006

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issue 1(9)

309-336

EN

The arrest and internment of Roman Catholic Primate Stefan Wyszyński (September 25 1953) created an unusual situation for the communist regime of Bolesław Bierut, which allowed it to completely subordinate the Roman Catholic hierarchy. A great obstacle in achieving this aim were convents, whose structures were much more resistant to the destructive religious policy. Thus the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland decided to accomplish their aim using repressions. Based on actions conducted in the 1950’s in Czechoslovakia and Hungary, it was decided in Poland to some nuns and priests in internment camps and force them to perform compulsory work. Similar repressions were used in the case of convents in the south-western provinces of Katowice, Opole and Wrocław. The aim of this action was also to seize convent estates and to Polonize the territories given to Poland under the Potsdam Conference (July – August 1945). The displacement of nuns (code-named X-2) took place in August 1945. Those actions were justified by mostly fabricated accusations of anti-Polish activities (the displacement of ethnically German nuns), because the authorities were aware of Polish society’s anti-German bias and its anxiety over what was perceived as German revisionism. To secure acceptance for resettlements the communist authorities tried to use the authority of the Church, which was put under particular pressure, as well as ad-hoc regulations. Substantial forces and means were used during the operation, within which a crucial role was played by the security police. As part of the X-2 operation, over 1,300 nuns and 318 convents were displaced. Terror used during this action proved an efficient means. There was no resistance either from the frightened Roman Catholic Episcopate, or from lay Catholics. It could be assumed that the displacement of the nuns from the western provinces provided testing ground for a major operation whose aim was to subordinate convents to the state. However, this action was abandoned, because of the progressing liberalization in Poland from the end of 1954, political thaw and a crisis in the security agency – which spearheaded the war against the Church. Roman Catholic Primate Wyszyƒski, who was released following the political changes triggered by what came to be known as the Polish October of 1956, eventually managed to strengthen the structures of the weakened Church. He was able to muster enough strength to oppose the communist government. Thanks to his intervention, at in the winter months of 1957–58, the displaced nuns were released.

4

Kryzys działalności Departamentu VI KdsBP przeciwko Kościołowi rzymskokatolickiemu w Polsce i próby jego przezwyciężenia (1954–1956)

100%

Noszczak B.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2005

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issue 1(7)

99-122

EN

The symptoms of a crisis in the religious beliefs’ sector of the security apparatus were apparent even before the abolition of the Ministry of Public Safety (MBP). The situation did not improve on forming the Public Safety Committee (KdsBP) and the transformation of Department XI of the Ministry of Public Safety into Department VI of the Public Safety Committee. The crisis in this sector in the security apparatus was intensified after 1954 as a result of the thaw processes, the fact that the Committees workers were under prepared and the lack of necessary cooperation between the different structures within Department VI. The Department’s work was also hampered and destabilised by its reorganisation and new specifications concerning their scope of work (1954–1955). The crisis was apparent in many of the Committee’s operational fields of activity against the Church in the years 1954–1956. It reduced the scope and even more so the effectiveness of religious policy, due to the fact that the Committee had a more important role than any other state institution in implementing the policy’s basic principles. After 1954 the Catholic Church used the disintegration of the power apparatus to strengthen its own position. Poland’s political situation at the time made it possible to force the Polish People’s Republic authorities to liberalise their religious policy and to fight for the recovery of the ground that had been lost. The State tried to oppose the Churches “offensive” by enhancing the security apparatus’s efficiency and scope of activity, firstly (but not only) that of Department VI of the Committee. For this reason as from September 1955 to October 1956 a turn towards counteracting the crisis in this sector and the intensification of a restrictive course of the religious policy took place. Due to the political thaw then in train the workers of Department VI of the Public Safety Committee did not manage to overcome the crisis by the end of the third quarter of 1956. The gradual improvement of this sector’s work quality visible from the end of 1955, was hampered by the socio-political changes in Poland, which reached their climax in October 1956. The extraordinary circumstances, which arose after the arrest of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, when the authorities could have totally subordinated the Church, were not used properly. They not only ran out of time but also of strength and resources. In this context the authorities religious policy ended in defeat. After 1956 a return to the persecution of the Church on a scale comparable the years 1944–1956 was impossible.

5

Polityka władz PRL wobec izolowanego biskupa Czesława Kaczmarka (1953–1956)

100%

Noszczak B.

Przegląd Archiwalny Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej

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2009

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vol. 2

291-323

6

Okiem sowietnika – raport doradcy z Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego ZSRS o pracy polskiego Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego (8 czerwca 1951 r.)

63%

Kurkiewicz M., Noszczak B.

Przegląd Archiwalny Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej

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2010

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vol. 3

205-220

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Kryptonim „Fala” – działania SB prowadzone w związku z potajemnym wywiezieniem Obrazu Nawiedzenia z Jasnej Góry (14–20 czerwca 1972 r.)

We, The Nation

Przesiedlenie żeńskich zgromadzeń zakonnych z województw katowickiego, opolskiego i wrocławskiego (sierpień 1954)

Kryzys działalności Departamentu VI KdsBP przeciwko Kościołowi rzymskokatolickiemu w Polsce i próby jego przezwyciężenia (1954–1956)

Polityka władz PRL wobec izolowanego biskupa Czesława Kaczmarka (1953–1956)

Okiem sowietnika – raport doradcy z Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego ZSRS o pracy polskiego Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego (8 czerwca 1951 r.)