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Lauded as the backbone of both the EU and the U.S. economies, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have dominated the heated debate over the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) raging across Europe in 2015. TTIP negotiators are convinced that small businesses will be the main beneficiaries of the deal. However, due to varying levels of internalisation and innovation across sectors and countries, the benefits are unlikely to be evenly distributed. SMEs with cutting-edge technologies are the most likely to reap profits from TTIP, and thus spurring innovation should be among the priorities of especially the Central and Eastern European countries, which often lag in terms of pioneering products.
EN
Most of Śaṅkara’s hagiographies feature his conquer of the quarters (digvijaya) as their dominant topos. During his all-India conquest, Śaṅkara was said to have traveled along with his disciples to the four corners of the Indian Peninsula. He is supposed to have established four vidyāpīṭhas (seats of learning). However, alternation to this popular account remains in circulation in Kerala. According to the local hagiographic tradition, Śaṅkara founded four Advaita Vedānta maṭhas in the city of Trichur only. These were Vadakke Maṭham (“Northern Maṭha”), Naduvil Maṭham (“Middle Maṭha”), Edayil Maṭham (“Maṭha In-between”) and Thekke Maṭham (“Southern Maṭha”). Subsequently, he attained samādhi in the Vadakkunnathan Temple situated nearby. Three of the above mentioned monasteries have survived until today. All those institutions were built in one city, next to each other, just a few hundred meters away from the Vadakkunnathan Temple. The physical space of Trichur was rearranged in order to actualize the ideological concept which gave it a symbolic meaning. Thus, the legendary map of Śaṅkara’s life became recreated and inscribed in the geographic location of Trichur.
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