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SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINING INDIA'S POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION

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Zajaczkowski J.
Asia and Pacific Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 4
137-156
EN
The end of the Cold War, globalization, internal and external factors have determined India's international strategy and its position in international relations. India, as other nations aspiring to major-power status, not only attempts to improve and expand its economic and military potential, but also to actively participate in international political, economic and cultural relations. Thanks to its economic reforms, modernized army, developing nuclear programme and geopolitical situation following the end of the Cold War, in the opinion of many scholars, India can already be considered an emerging power. India, however, still faces considerable challenges and constraints. They are connected with both internal (economic, cultural) and international (global, regional) factors, which adversely affect India's position on the international stage. If India is to play an increasingly important role in the world, it must carry out necessary internal reforms, mainly in the fields of education and economy. Fulfilling these conditions, especially the latter two, can determine if India will still be called a potential power, an emerging power, or as some classify it, a power that is 'always emerging but never quite arriving'. Improving the efficiency of the economy, further liberalization, increasing investment, better access to education - these factors will certainly contribute to advancing India's position, and it will also force its critics to acknowledge India's major-power status.
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INDIA'S POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

100%
Zajaczkowski J.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2005
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vol. 18
105-122
EN
The article aimed at presenting India's position in international relations after the Cold War. It was based on studies concerning the international political situation at the turn of the 20th century and its influence on India. For New Delhi, the end of the Cold War meant a new strategic situation. However, India did not give up on creating a security zone in South Asia, or playing the role of a regional and future global power. It is not only India's current potential, but also its tradition and history which point to the fact that the country is destined to play major role in Asia and in the world. India not only attempts to improve and expand its economic and military potential, but also to actively participate in international political, economic and cultural relations. Thanks to its economic reforms, modernized army, developing nuclear programme and geopolitical situation following the end of the Cold War, India can already be considered an emerging power. India's position is significant because of its geographic location. It's position in the international relations is also influenced by demographic indicators (the population of India is the second largest in the world). India's importance in modern international relations was achieved thanks to economic development in the last fifteen years. The key to the economic speed-up have been internal reforms, opening up to foreign investment, an increase in domestic investment, higher productivity and structural changes. Now, for India it is of primary importance to modernize the army and increase military expenditure, as military potential is a key factor in major-power status. India is sill inferior to major powers in arms expenditure, as well as the quantity of conventional and nuclear weapons. Indicators from the social sphere must be taken into consideration, too. Recently, India was the only country in South Asia where despite an increase in population the absolute number of people living in poverty went down. However, this number is still quite high. The illiteracy rate is high, as well. The basic prerequisite for the future development of Indian society is improving the level of education and increasing investment in research and development. Despite its weaknesses, India is the prime candidate among developing countries to attain major-power status in the second decade of the 21st century.
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