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VOCABULARY CHARACTERISTIC FOR KOWNO-ZMUDZ REGION FOUND IN 'THE STORY FROM THE TIME OF THE WAR 1919-1923' (Slownictwo pólnocnokresowe odzwierciedlone w 'Opowiadaniu z czasów wojny 1919-1923')

100%
Medelska J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2009
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issue 2(8)
111-122
EN
The article presents a vocabulary used by Lithuanian writer, Balys Astikas, in his short memoirs from the Polish-Russian war. The story was written in a variant of north borderland Polish. The specific vocabulary consists of 46 units. We find here elements of foreign origin (19 units: 13 from Russian, 3 form Lithuanian, 2 from Byelorussian and 1 from Ukrainian), elements no longer used (16) and the units of unknown origin (11). This kind of lexical peculiarities are typical for linguistic borderland. The words excerpted from Astiskas' story are deeply rooted in Polish linguistic borderland. About 60% of the described elements is known from other sources - and in this - 100% of Russianisms. 25% of this vocabulary is still observed in north borderline dialect.
2
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ARCHAISM OR LITHUANIAN INFLUENCES? ON PRE-POSITIONING OF GENITIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL ATTRIBUTES IN KAUNAS-POLISH VARIETY (Archaizm czy lituanizm? O prepozycji przydawki dopelniaczowej i przyimkowej w polszczyznie kowienskiej)

100%
Medelska J.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2008
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vol. 32
79-92
EN
The article contains a linguistic analysis of cases present in Polish texts coming from north-west borderlands, where a genitive and prepositional attribute is placed before an attributed noun. The discussion was stimulated by the fact that many Polish interwar publications printed in Kaunas included several dozen attributes employed in a peculiar inversion e.g.: 'zaocznego sposobu nauczania instytucja 'Samoksztalcenie' byla zalozona w roku 1931'; 'Nauczyciel siedzial na katedrze i sluchal uczniów lekcji'; 'na glowe zakladali skórzana z rogami czapke'. The analysis showed that in the 20th century northern-borderland Polish language variety, pre-positioning of genitive attribute appear in the vast majority of cases in texts originating from the so-called indigenous Lithuania and reflect syntactic structures characteristic of the Lithuanian language (compare Lithuanian constructions and their Polish equivalents: 'Onos namas - Anny dom' or 'Jules Leles - Juli lalki'). Pre-positioning of this type of attributes was, as late as in the 19th century, a standard procedure and was retained longer in the borderlands known for their conservatism. Beside this, inversion was, and in fact still is, used as a stylistic measure. Peculiar attributes placed before nouns, appearing numerously in texts of north-borderland origin written in areas where there was no influence on the part of the Lithuanian language, e.g. in 'Wspomnienia dziecinstwa' (Childhood Memories) by Franciszek Mickiewicz, brother of the poet (e.g. pawlogrodzkiego huzarów pulku; Wilenskiego Uniwersytetu Profesorowie) are not, as it seems, an individual feature of this memoirist's style, but rather more general property of 'borderland writing', festive, solemn and exceptionally strongly rooted in tradition.
3
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LEXICAL GERMANISMS IN THE VILNIUS 'DICTIONARY OF LANGUAGE ERRORS' BY JULIAN SZWED (Germanizmy leksykalne w wilenskim 'Slowniku bledów jezykowych' Juliana Szweda)

63%
Cieszkowski M., Medelska J.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2009
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vol. 33
91-108
EN
The authors came to a conclusion that in the now forgotten 'Dictionary of Language Errors', published in Vilnius in 1931 and compiled by a local Polish scholar Julian Szwed, lexical Germanisms (over 180 words) dominate. This is a surprising statement because, as it is proved by research of the Northern Borderlands Polish language, used till the present day in Vilnius and in the Vilnius area, thet loan words from German are rare. When writing his handbook, J. Szwed most probably used not only Borderland sources, but also materials (including the press) originating from the Malopolska and Slask Cieszynski territories - previously annexed by Austria and abound withn Germanisms. The Germanisms collected in the 'Dictionary of Language Errors' are noteworthy for researchers studying the influence of German on Polish language and they should be used as a basis for various specifications and comparisons more often. The authors presented those lexical Germanisms recorded by Julian Szwed which are mentioned in at least one of the most significant vocabulary dictionaries of Polish, i.e.- as one may presume - are well-known (over 130 words). Only 30 percent of the excerpt is widespread. They are words noted in all dictionaries (approx. 20 percent), for instance 'bryftreger', 'obstalunek', 'szaber' and words certified by three dictionaries (approx. 10 percent), for instance 'gurt', 'mantel', 'sznaps'.
4
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REFLECTION OF EARLY SOVIET DIALECTS OF NATIONAL LANGUAGES IN RUSSIAN BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES PUBLISHED IN MOSCOW (Otrazenie rannih variantov sovetskih nacionalnyh jazykov v moskovskih russko-inojazycnyh slovarjah)

63%
Medelska J., Cieszkowski M.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2011
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vol. 35
EN
After the October Revolution, over half of the citizens of the new Russian state were non-Russians. The historical homeland of some of them was outside the Soviet Union. The experiences of two largest national minorities: the Germans (1 238 000) and the Poles (782 000) were similar in many respects. Members of both nations were persecuted, suffered massive repression, and were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan. The new cultural and political reality (separation from the historical homeland and national languages, influence of Russian and other languages of Soviet Union nations, necessity to use new Soviet lexis and technical/scientific terminology on a daily basis) forced changes in German and Polish used in the Soviet Union. Soviet dialects of national languages were reinforced in books, handbooks, the press, and propaganda materials etc. published in German and Polish in huge number of copies. The Soviet dialects of German and Polish were reflected on the right side of Russian- German and Russian-Polish dictionaries published in the 1930s by'Sovetskaya Entsyklopedia'. The analysis and comparison of the language material excerpted from the dictionaries show that Soviet dialects of both languages were characterized by the presence of orientalisms (result of the constant contact with the nations and nationalities of the Soviet Union and their culture) and unique lexis related to the Russian way of life (Russian culinary lexis, names of musical instruments, names of garments) and Sovietisms (i.e. new political terminology and words related to the Soviet way of life). The Germans found it more difficult to adapt their native code to life in the Soviet Union.
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