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Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego Witolda Mańczaka na tle innych podręczników akademickich

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Kleszczowa K.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2017
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issue Numer Specjalny 2
37-43
EN
Professor Witold Mańczak authored many academic textbooks, mostly concerning Romance languages, but also a historical grammar of Polish. This textbook focuses on the interpretation of linguistic, phonetic and morphological changes and on their subordination to general laws of language. According to Professor Mańczak, laws apply to all or the majority of languages; regularities observed in a single language can be granted no higher status than that of rules. Mańczak viewed laws as residing on a very high level of generalization, and he believed their verifiability lies in statistical circumstances. He wrote that linguistic problems should be formulated in such a way that they can be solved using statistics; those that cannot be solved using statistics are not worth the consideration. He saw the development of linguistics as tied to the progress in electronics. Professor Mańczak was an individuality in Polish linguistics who did not follow the linguistic fashion; he was never a structuralist and all the more a cognitivist. But it transpires that he was also an individuality in academic teaching. This author inferred his stance by delving into the specificity of the textbooks he authored: an Italian, French, and Spanish textbook, but also historical grammars of French and Polish.
2
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„Cрпски језик”, бр. 19 (2014). – 840 с.

100%
Kleszczowa K.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2016
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vol. 65
122-126
3
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Genetyczne parantele partykuł i spójników

100%
Kleszczowa K.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2015
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issue Numer Specjalny
77-86
EN
The paper attempts to explain the formal identity between those units which operate both in the class of conjunctions, and in the class of particles. To this purpose, the authors set in motion a logical apparatus that interpretes the identity between conclusive units; they choose, out of many possibilities, the resultative and the conclusive relation. The authors believe that the kinship of the two classes, particles and conjunctions, is the effect of operation of two mechanisms: 1. particles limit the scope of connectivity to introducing a sentence-shaped rheme, and become conjunctions proper (albowiem ‘because’, oraz ‘and’, bo ‘cause’, ale ‘but’); 2. particles connect to conjunctions, and take over their function (bowiem, albowiem ‘because’).
4
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Mixed-Gender Groups and the Problem of Genesis of the Masculine Personal Gender

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Kleszczowa K.
Forum Lingwistyczne
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2018
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issue 5
97-105
EN
The author discusses the topic of genesis of the masculine personal gender, which has been touched upon numerous times in Polish linguistic literature, but the concepts presented have not always been sufficiently cogent. She suggests that we take a closer look at the ways the problem of gender agreement in multiple-gender groups is solved. The historical material allows us to point to the following methods: 1. in strings a verb in the singular was employed, with only the first element of the group being obliged to reach gender concord (for example, aże ciało w nim puchnęło i ręce, i około serca. ŻywAm 65), 2. in attributive elements, the attribute related to all elements, including the ones not specified on the surface (for instance, kolżdy brat i siostra mają się modlić za duszę jego. Reg XIX 14), 3. nominal or pronominal generalisation, accompanied by enumeration (e.g. A to jest podobieństwo utrapienia: uciski, nędze, śmierć i potym zmartwychwstanie i żywot wieczny. GrzegŚm 37), 4. a verb was elided (when an existential predicate was involved) (as, for example, in Wskazał jemu płomień, gdzie światłość i ciemność, smętek i płacz, i ciężkie wzdychanie. XV ex. Zab. 356), 5. employing a prepositional phrase + the instrumental case – then the predicate was in the singular (Jako się Stachna i s mężem zaprzała swego pana. Roty 120). Additionally, the research confirmed that in the oldest language relics, if the subject was “multigendered,” the masculine gender was highlighted, something that had a strong systemic motivation. The aforementioned thesis can be confirmed at levels others than the inflectional one, for instance in word formation (cf. e.g. morphological means of moulding female names on the basis of male ones by employing derivative formants like -ka, -ica, -ina and others). It is significant, however, that derivatives stemming from masculine names embraced semantically both the male sex and the female sex (e.g. mistrzowski < mistrz, proroczy < prorok). This testifies to the fact that it was possible for the masculine form to refer to the female designation. The difference of sexes was also pertinent to the animal world; here also a masculine element constituted the centre of a derivational nest, although in these cases it was not always of importance. Oftentimes in such situations lexemic resources were employed (e.g. pies / suka). It is interesting that up to the point when the masculine personal gender developed for masculine animal nouns, there were appearing both types of forms (e.g. ptaszki // ptaszkowie, węże // wężowie). The author, then, questions the thesis of the accusative origin of nominative endings in the plural by proposing that we consider the influence of mixed-gender groups on the development of the masculine personal gender. The analysis of endings for various genders clearly shows that the feminine gender is most expansive.
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Pięćdziesiąt lat minęło. O polskim dopełniaczu liczby pojedynczej raz jeszcze

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Kleszczowa K.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2019
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issue 14
79-85
XX
1968 saw the publication of Józefa Kobylińska’s monograph entitled Rozwój form dopełniacza liczby pojedynczej rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego w języku polskim [The development of the forms of the genitive singular of masculine nouns in the Polish language]. Whoever intends to write about the Polish masculine genitive singular cannot neglect this publication, especially so because the selection of the endings -a and -u still poses a problem for modern Poles. The author of the article intends to supplement the fragments of the monograph which refer to the sources of the vacillations in the selection of endings. She puts forward a thesis that the source of the ending -u in the genitive was not only the 2nd declension but also the forms of the dative of the 1st declension. The author continues to ask, why the ending -a was preserved by animate nouns. It turns out that among all the functions of the genitive (genetivus qualitatis, genetivus partitivus, genetivus absolutus) Saxon genitive was the prevailing one; a noun in the genitive indicated the possessor, and the latter was a person, less frequently an animal. Possessive form expressed by the dative (cf. Bogu rodzica) was not pure, it frequently connoted an existential function.
EN
After fifty years. Once again about the Polish genitive of the first person singular
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Morfotaktyka polskich przymiotników z perspektywy historycznej

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Kleszczowa K.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2017
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issue 12
140-147
EN
The text is a complementation of a reflexion on the evolution of Polish adjectives with emphasis put on intermorphs. The issue seems important for the conclusion of the morphological construction of contemporary lexemes. The following issues guided the choice of intermorphs: 1/ It sometimes happens that an intermorph is an innovation in the time span from Old Polish to later ages, while the sources of this innovation have common points. Should intermorphs be divided on a basis of series in every case? The problem has been examined on an example of intermorphs -al-, -ar- before the suffix -ny. 2/ How much should historical conditions decide on a division of modern lexemes into morphemes? The issue is being examined in an assessment of the status -l- in the suffix -liwy. We hope that both the synchronic and diachronic approach to language will be included in the works on the Polish Morpheme dictionary (Author’s postulate).
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WORD FORMATIVE GRAMMATICALIZATION (Procesy gramatykalizacji w slowotwórstwie)

63%
Kleszczowa K., Pastuchowa M.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2009
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vol. 58
67-78
EN
In the paper the authoresses ask questions concerning how are the rules of the word formative level created. They focus on series of incidences, leaving out sporadic instances but also putting on the side the models inherited from earlier times as well as those borrowed from other languages (eg. -cja from Latin, -ing from English). Thereby a new value of the term grammaticalization is created - the interest of the authors concerns the mechanism of creation of new word formation rules, that is only word formative grammaticalization. Sources of new models can be found in: 1) the lexical level (the affixes -dziej, -wspol-, -teka, -man); 2) the inflectional level (paradigmatic derivation, adjectivization of participles, substantivization of adjectives); 3) the syntactic level (nie-, the postfix sie). The paper is illustrated mostly by Polish examples however the authors hope that the aforementioned word formative grammaticalization processes can easily be supplemented with examples from other Slavic languages.
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