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1

ON KOSZTOLANYI'S VIEWS ON LANGUAGE (Kosztolanyi a nyelvrol (Kosztolanyi nyelvszemleletenek kerdesehez))

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2009
|
vol. 133
|
issue 1
14-28
EN
The paper characterises the intellectual trends fertilizing Dezso Kosztolanyi's linguistic thinking via five recurrent ideas found in his writings: (1) language is a manifestation of the soul of a community; (2) all languages are equally beautiful - diversity is an asset; (3) linguistic beauty is relative; (4) one's mother tongue is the first among equals; and (5) language is a game, language is action. With respect to the first thesis, the paper enlarges on the opinion held in the literature and claims that although the poet's strong belief in the unity of language and soul can be traced back to Humboldt's tenets, it is more closely attributable to the irrational philosophy and psychological trends of the early twentieth century. His thoughts with respect to the equal beauty of languages and to linguistic relativity are akin to the major claims of Franz Boas, the founder of modern cultural anthropology, and Edward Sapir, the pioneer of linguistic relativism. His ideas on the role of language can be associated with Wittgenstein's late works but they also show the poet as a forerunner of present-day pragmatics, exhibiting as they do a number of components of its view of language.
2

MESSAGES HIDDEN IN LANGUAGE. ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE, IN GENERAL AND WITH RESPECT TO HUNGARIAN

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
|
vol. 102
|
issue 1
33-43
EN
The guiding principle of this paper, in trying to disclose the complex system of relations between language and culture, is Claire Kramsch's conception that can be summarised as follows: 1. language expresses cultural reality; 2. language is the embodiment of culture; and 3. language is a symbol of culture. The discussion of the first two aspects is embedded in a historical description of that relationship and in a survey of the changing views concerning the functions of language. Thus, without claiming exhaustivity, the authorerss discusses the idea of linguistic relativity as well as usage-centred trends of the eighties of the last century. In the second, practical part of the paper, she explores some formal manifestations of social organisation in Hungarian (such as the use of familiar vs. nonfamiliar forms of address and the role of subjectivity in communication); she also points out the way these manifestations define cultural values characteristic of the community of speakers.
3

From 'our beloved motherland' to 'Hungary'

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
|
vol. 132
|
issue 2
151-170
EN
Using cultural and socio-cultural criteria, this paper tries to capture the lesson that can be drawn from the use of the word 'haza' (country, motherland) and to trace the changes that it has undergone within the Hungarian language community. This is done by primarily linguistic methods, that is, the properties of that notion, its communal character, the existence of individual linkage or adherence to it, are determined on the basis of linguistic facts. Historically, the paper deals with three particular periods: first, the period that precedes the point at which the modern concept of 'nation' took shape, a period in which the individual's relationship to his country was first established (15th to 18th centuries); second, the consummation of the idea of 'motherland', a period that is still seen by many as the paragon of how to relate to one's country (first half of the 19th century); and third, the present day as a period of change. The processes going on at present with respect to the traditional communal notion of 'one's own country' are discussed on the basis of materials taken from geography schoolbooks and newspapers.
4

SEMANTIC CHANGES OF THE PREVERB 'BE' ('IN') II.

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
|
vol. 129
|
issue 3
282-299
EN
This paper undertakes tracing down the semantic changes of the Hungarian preverb 'be' ('in') in the theoretical framework and with the methods the author set up during a similar discussion of the preverb 'ki' ('out'). This means, practically speaking, that she amalgamates the relevant syntactic and semantic aspects with a cognitively-based classification of arguments of the 'where to' type that can be considered a primary argument type of verbs combined with 'be,' as well as with a description of conceptualisation processes involving those arguments. As is revealed by Table 1 summarising the results of this investigation, the semantic bleaching of the preverb 'be' is due to processes at two levels that are interrelated and follow from one another. On the one hand, we have to do with a series of linearly linked changes from group A, standing for increasingly abstract representations of three-dimensional IN places, to group B that involves no characteristics of 'internal space' at all. On the other hand, however, within the various subtypes of internal spaces, a number of events may have occurred that resulted in a perfectivising role of the preverb and its various Aktionsart-forming functions. The description of changes involving illative landmark and trajectory functions reveals that the frequency of those events, their grammatical quality and the subsequent modification of directional meanings depend on the degree of abstraction and conceptualisation of IN places.
5

ON THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE VERBAL PARTICLE 'BELE' (INTO)

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2007
|
vol. 103
|
issue 2
163-178
EN
This paper applies semantic and syntactic analytical devices and relies on the concept of metaphor of cognitive linguistics to find out under what circumstances derivatives of verbs with the verbal particle 'bele' (into) and those with 'be' (in) can be mutually substituted for one another, as well as what occurrences can be typically restricted to one or the other particle. Three typical cases of the use of those two particles can be differentiated. 1. Their functions are strictly disjoint. The main factors that may frustrate their interchangeability are as follows: the grammaticalization of 'be', the evacuation of its directional meaning (its becoming a marker of perfectivity); semantic properties of the arguments (e.g., only derivatives involving 'be' occur with arguments meaning any kind of 'room', whereas certain 'container' metaphors attract forms involving 'bele'). - 2. The functions of the two particles largely overlap, with just a few exceptions. In such cases, no syntactic consequence can be observed in the phrases involving the verbs (a 'null morpheme' marking), a crucial but not indispensable requirement of interchangeability. - 3. In the most problematic groups of cases, to various extents, the occurrence of one of the two particles can be said to be more appropriate. 'Bele' can take over the role of 'be' mainly where the semantic character of 'material' or 'container' of the illative argument is foregrounded.
6

SEMANTIC CHANGES OF THE PREVERB 'BE' ('IN') I.

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
|
vol. 129
|
issue 2
151-164
EN
This paper undertakes tracing down the semantic changes of the Hungarian preverb 'be' ('in') in the theoretical framework and with the methods the author set up during a similar discussion of the preverb 'ki' ('out'). This means, practically speaking, that she amalgamates the relevant syntactic and semantic aspects with a cognitively-based classification of arguments of the 'where to' type that can be considered a primary argument type of verbs combined with 'be,' as well as with a description of conceptualisation processes involving those arguments. As is revealed by Table 1, summarising the results of this investigation, the semantic bleaching of the preverb 'be' is due to processes at two levels that are interrelated and follow from one another. On the one hand, we have to do with a series of linearly linked changes from group A, standing for increasingly abstract representations of three-dimensional IN places, to group B that involves no characteristics of 'internal space' at all. On the other hand, however, within the various subtypes of internal spaces, a number of events may have occurred that resulted in a perfectivising role of the preverb and its various Aktionsart-forming functions. The description of changes involving illative landmark and trajectory functions reveals that the frequency of those events, their grammatical quality and the subsequent modification of directional meanings depend on the degree of abstraction and conceptualisation of IN places.
7

THE PRAGMATICS OF POLITENESS

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 1
1-17
EN
Pragmatics deviates from traditional interpretations of politeness both in its concept and terminology and in the way it delineates the range of phenomena to be explored. This paper discusses these differences in terms of two dominant theories of politeness: Leech's Conversational Maxims, and Brown and Levinson's notion of face-work. The author puts both theories into wider perspective and compares them, noting their virtues and shortcomings. Being less well known of the two, Brown and Levinson's theory is given a more detailed treatment, going through the changes that the concept of 'face' has undergone, and discussing each type of face-threatening acts that those two scholars have defined. The aim of the author is to encourage, by her analytical review, an increase in the number and scope of pragmatic studies in this country.
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