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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE FIRST FRANCISCAN ORDER ON POLISH TERRITORY (13TH - 21ST CENTURY) (Struktury organizacyjne I Zakonu Franciszkanskiego na ziemiach polskich (XIII - XXI w.))

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Szteinke A. J.
Kosciol w Polsce. Dzieje i kultura (Church in Poland. Past and Culture)
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2010
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vol. 9
29-59
EN
Francis of Assisi (1182-1226), saint and founder of the Order of Friars Minor (Ordo Fratrum Minorum) went to Rome with his first companions in 1209, where Pope Innocent III orally approved their forma vitae; this event is considered to be the beginning of the Franciscan Order. The Order was divided in geographic zones called provinces, which quickly extended into all of the European countries - and later into other parts of the world. The differences in the interpretation of the vow of poverty gave way to the formation of reformist movements, and in 1517, Pope Leo X acknowledged the division into two groups: the Order of Friars Minor Observants (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Regularis Observantiae) and the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium). In the sixteenth century yet another group was formed, the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Cappucinorum - 1523, 1619). Within the Observant Friars, three observant sub-groups were additionally formed, among which were the so-called reformists (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Strictioris Observantiae Reformatorum - 1532). The Friars Minor's first convent on Polish territory was founded in Wroclaw in 1236, followed by one in Krakow in 1237. The Observants founded their first convent in Krakow in 1453, while the reformists began to establish themselves in Poland in 1621, and the Capuchins in 1681. Until 1772 each group successfully progressed throughout Poland; the Conventuals were divided into three provinces, while the Bernadines and reformists each had four provinces, and the Capuchins just one. The division of Poland at the end of the 18th century, and later its loss of independence, provoked the annulment of all religious orders. Only the provinces in Galizia remained (under Austro-Hungarian domain), which after Poland's reconquest of independence (in 1918) gave way to the rebirth of Franciscan life. Currently in Poland (2009) there are 10 Franciscan provinces: five are that of the Friars Minor (with a total of 1,309 friars), three are provinces of the Friars Minor Conventuals (with a total of 1,172 friars) and two provinces are that of the Friars Minor Capuchin (created from 610 believers).
2

FRIARS MINOR POSITIONED IN THE HISTORY OF CHELM (18TH - 20TH CENTURY) (Bracia Mniejsi wpisani w historie Chelma (XVIII - XX w.))

100%
Szteinke A. J.
Kosciol w Polsce. Dzieje i kultura (Church in Poland. Past and Culture)
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2010
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vol. 9
335-352
EN
On February 28, 1738, the government of the Province of Saint Mary of the Angels of the Friars Minor - Reformists in Malopolska accepted the new foundation of its city's convent under the sub-judge of the territorial court of Chelm, Andrzej Wolski. Father Symforian Arakielowicz was the prefect of both the construction site for the convent as well as that the adjacent church. The consecration of the church and its handing over to the followers points to the time when construction ended. The consecration of the church and the seven altars took place on the seventh Sunday after the Pentecost (July 19, 1750), and the celebration was presided over by the bishop of Chelm, Mons. Jozef Eustachy Szembek. In 1751, the church interior was embellished with the Stations of the Cross; thanks to the generous donations from its benefactors, the following year the Stations of the Cross were also placed on the exterior. From 1746 on, the convent became a part of the new Russian custody of reformists from Saint Mary of Sorrows, which from 1763 was elevated to the level of autonomous province. From that point until its end, the fate of the convent was closely linked to the history of the province. In the year 1800, following the ending of the Russian province, the convent returned once again to be a part of its province of origin. Civil authorities definitively closed the convent as a penalty for the involvement of its followers in the insurrection (1863-64). Throughout its history the convent served as a center of philosophical study. The reformist friars developed their ministry in church, helped nearby parishes, and performed humanitarian work. The friars returned to the city in 1936. From then on (except for the period during the Second World War, 1939-44) they have wholeheartedly dedicated themselves to their work for the local people, for which they are greatly appreciated.
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