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1
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“Where Butchers Sing Like Angels,” Of Captive Bodies and Colonized Minds (With a Little Help from Louise Erdrich)

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Poks M.
Review of International American Studies
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 1
123-144
EN
The Master Butchers Signing Club – Louise Erdrich’s “countehistory” (Natalie Eppelsheimer) of the declared and undeclared wars of Western patriarchy–depicts a world where butchering, when done with precision and expertise, approximates art. Fidelis Waldvogel, whose name means literally Faithful Forestbird, is a sensitive German boy turned the first-rate sniper in the First World War and master butcher in his adult life in America. When Fidelis revisits his homeland after the slaughter of World War II, Delphine, his second wife, has a vision of smoke and ashes bursting out of the mouths of the master butchers singing onstage in a masterful harmony of voices. Why it is only Delphine, an outsider in the Western world, that can see the crematorium-like reality overimposed on the bucolic scenery of a small German town? Drawing on decolonial and Critical Animal Studies, this article tries to demystify some of the norms and normativities we live by.  
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Biblia Jonasza: dekolonizacja chrześcijaństwa w kontekście północnoamerykańskim

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Poks M.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2018
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issue 36
EN
Małgorzata PoksInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in KatowicePolandThe Bible of Jonah: On Decolonization of Christianity in the North American ContextA review of the book: Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry: Conversations on Creation, Land Justice, and Life Together. Steve Heinrichs (red.). Kitchener, Ontario i Harrisonburg, Virginia, Herald Press 2013, pp. 360. Keywords: dekolonialism, religious anthropology, cultural anthropology, interculturality, natural environment
PL
Małgorzata PoksInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in KatowicePolandThe Bible of Jonah: On Decolonization of Christianity in the North American ContextA review of the book: Buffalo Shout, Salmon Cry: Conversations on Creation, Land Justice, and Life Together. Steve Heinrichs (red.). Kitchener, Ontario i Harrisonburg, Virginia, Herald Press 2013, str. 360. Publikacja anglojęzyczna w miękkiej okładce.
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Radykalny weganizm osób kolorowych

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Poks M.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2018
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issue 38
EN
This essay problematizes the complicated relationship between speciesist and racist oppression. Even though the lived experience of exploitation and the long struggle for justice and rights makes racialized groups especially sensitive to the suffering of the Other, the link between  human and non-human animals’ interests is, suprisingly, not so easy to make. Things are additionally complicated by the fact that veganism is usually perceived as a white, privileged lifestyle, therefore culturally alienating to people of color. This sense of alienation can be explained by the interiorization of colonial notions of identity, which label people of color as „natural meateaters”. The goal of radical vegans of color, a group of activists rapidly gaining visibility, is to dismantle the colonial matrix of power and struggle for a world free of all forms of oppresion. This essay attempts to present their ideological positions.
PL
Niniejszy esej podnosi kwestię skomplikowanych związków między szowinizmem gatunkowym i rasizmem. Podczas gdy wyostrzona wrażliwość na cierpienie słabszego i doświadczenia w walce o równouprawnienie społeczne powinny pomagać przerzucić pomost między interesami skolonizowanych zwierząt ludzkich i pozaludzkich, w świadomości kolorowych mieszkańców społeczeństw osadniczych weganizm postrzegany jest zazwyczaj jako styl życia uprzywilejowanego białego człowieka - kolonizatora. Na skutek uwewnętrznienia kolonialnych koncepcji tożsamości praktykujący kolorowy weganin czuje się często wyobcowany ze swojej własnej kultury. Do demontażu matrycy kolonialności i solidarnej walki o świat wolny od wszelkich form opresji nawołują najbardziej w ostatnich latach aktywni  kolorowi weganie. Analizie ich poglądów poświęcona jest główna część eseju.    
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Captive Minds. Norms, Normativities and the Forms of Tragic Protest in Literature and Cultural Practice

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Poks M.
Review of International American Studies
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 1
19-26
EN
As a foundation and product of grand narratives, norms apply to any and every aspect of individual, communal, and social life. They regulate our behaviors, determine directions in the evolution of arts and philosophies, condition intra- and cross cultural understanding, organize hierarchies. Yet – when transformed into laws – norms become appropriated by dominant discourses and become “truths.” Those in control of language always construe them as “universal” and, as such, “transparent.” The usefulness of norms stems from the fact that they facilitate our orientation in the world. In the long run, however, they are bound to block our imaginative access to alternative ways of living and thinking about reality, thus enslaving our minds in a construction of reality believed to be natural. In a world so determined, dissenting perspectives and pluralities of views threaten to disrupt norms and normativities, along with the order (patriarchal, racist, sexist, ableist, speciesist, etc.) build into them. Benefactors of a normative worldview and average individuals busily trying to fit in police the perimeters of the accepted, disciplining nonconformists, rebels, and nonnormative individualists of every stripe. “Assent - and you are sane,” quipped Emily Dickinson in her well-known poem, “Demur - you’re straightway dangerous - And handled with a Chain -” (209).  Notorious for their inimical attitude to repressive majorities, artists, philosophers, academics, and other “marginal” persons have always challenged deified norms. Opening up liberatory perspectives, they have tried to escape mental captivities and imagine the world otherwise: as a place where difference is cherished and where justice reigns. Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk, winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in literature, imagines an alternative reality whose inhabitants, Heterotopians, constantly suspend commonly held beliefs in order to examine their validity. Passive perception, argues Tokarczuk, “has moral significance. It allows evil to take root” (43). Without a periodical suspension of belief in truths so deeply naturalized that they look like Truth Itself, we become perpetrators of the evil glossed over by narratives whose veracity we take for granted.
5
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Nota krytyczna o książce Sanctuary for All Life: The Cowbala of Jim Corbett

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Poks M.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2017
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issue 35
EN
A critical note on the book:Jim Corbett, Sanctuary for All Life: The Cowbala of Jim Corbett (Berthoud, Co: Howling Dog Press, 2005), pp. 328. 
PL
A critical note on the book:Jim Corbett, Sanctuary for All Life: The Cowbala of Jim Corbett (Berthoud, Co: Howling Dog Press, 2005), pp. 328. 
6

Epistemic Disobedience and Decolonial Healing in Norma Elía Cantú’s Canícula

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Poks M.
Studia Anglica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 50
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issue 2-3
63-80
EN
Using the U.S.-Mexican border as the place of enunciation, Cantú’s autoethnobiographical novel insists on the materiality of the border, especially for those living on its southern side, while simultaneously deconstructing it as artificial - a line splitting families and assigning nationalities on an arbitrary basis. Being a collage of photographs from the time the writer was growing up in southern Texas and the cuentos inspired by these visuals, Cantú’s Canícula documents how border crossings and re-crossings become symptomatic of living in a liminal space and how they destabilize the concept of nationality as bi-national families must learn to live with ambiguity. On the one hand, there is the undeniable materiality of the border, with its pain, fear, deportations, and other discriminatory practices; on the other, there is a growing border community of resistance cultivating the memory that they are not immigrants, that they lived in Texas before the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty. The paper examines the community’s strategies of survival in the contested cultural and social space and advances the thesis that, giving her community an awareness of its homogeneity and reclaiming its place within the larger socio-political context, Cantú becomes an agent of empowerment and change. She helps decolonize knowledge and being.
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Sprawozdanie z seminarium naukowego „Moralny i prawny status zwierząt. Od reifikacji do upodmiotowienia”

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Poks M.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
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2016
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issue 2
305-310
EN
Małgorzata Poks's report on the meeting titled "Moral and Legal Status of Animals. From Reification to Objectification" organized by the Animal Rights Association on May 9, 2016.
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Narracje zootanatologiczne jako wyznacznik relacji między osobą ludzką i pozaludzką

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Poks M.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
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2019
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issue 5
253-263
PL
Is animal death grievable and do animals grieve their dead? The answer to these questions depends on the narratives one subscribes to. In the dominant narrative of the Western world, human death is treated with respect and animal death is either invisible or instrumentalized. In this article I am considering the consequences of challenging this narrative from the sites of enunciation that are marginal to modernity and, thus, do not replicate its hyperseparated dualism (Val Plumwood’s phrase). First, I introduce the holistic imaginary of indigenous Americans on the example of Linda Hogan’s novel Solar Storms. Next, on the example of Olga Tokarczuk’s Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead, I move to the perspective of Duszejko – a self-exile from European modernity. Both novels demonstrate that iconographies of death (and life) make a real difference in our relationship to the nonhuman other.
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Sunaura Taylor: Beasts of Burden. Animal and Disability Liberation. The New Press, New York 2017 (twarda oprawa, 260 stron)

100%
Poks M.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
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2021
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issue 7
1-3
PL
"Obnażając mechanizmy funkcjonowania szowinizmu gatunkowego w przestrzeni publicznej, studia nad zwierzętami i zwierzęcością coraz częściej definiują gatunkizm jako formę ucisku współwystępującą i wzajemnie powiązaną z wszelkimi innymi rodzajami opresji. Radykalne przeciwstawienie racjonalności (związanej z człowiekiem) i irracjonalności (zwierzęcej), będące spuścizną po europejskim Oświeceniu, zapoczątkowuje bowiem cały łańcuch wykluczeń. W kulturze Zachodu bliżej tego irracjonalnego/zwierzęcego bieguna tradycyjnie umieszczano kobiety, osoby o odmiennym kolorze skóry, osoby ubogie, homoseksualne, zniedołężniałe czy niepełnosprawne. W ostatnim czasie na tym właśnie biegunie powstaje interesująca rewizja klasycznego humanizmu, który przyznaje pełnię człowieczeństwa białemu, heteroseksualnemu, fizycznie i psychicznie sprawnemu, mięsożernemu mężczyźnie."
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The Poet's "Caressive Sight": Denise Levertov's Transactions with Nature

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Poks M.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
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2011
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vol. 1
145-152
EN
The scientific consciousness which broke with the holistic perception of life is credited with "unweaving the rainbow," or disenchanting the world. No longer perceived as sacred, the non-human world of plants and animals became a site of struggle for domination and mastery in implementing humankind's supposedly divine mandate to subdue the earth. The nature poetry of Denise Levertov is an attempt to reverse this trend, reaffirm the sense of wonder inherent in the world around us, and reclaim some "holy presence" for the modern sensibility. Her exploratory poetics witnesses to a sense of relationship existing between all creatures, both human and non-human. This article traces Levertov's "transactions with nature" and her evolving spirituality, inscribing her poetry within the space of alternative-or romantic-modernity, one that dismantles the separation paradigm. My intention throughout was to trace the way to a religiously defined faith of a person raised in the modernist climate of suspicion, but keenly attentive to spiritual implications of beauty and open to the epiphanies of everyday.
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