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1

A COMMUNITY IN DIRE STRAITS - SITUATION OF ETHNIC GERMANS IN SLOVAKIA DURING YEARS 1944-1946

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 1
-
EN
The tragic fate of German community was one of the tragedies, which were result of Hitler's policy of aggression and utter disregard for the human rights. Slovak Germans, similarly like other German communities living in Europe, became entangled in Nazi ideology and paid a high price for it. In many cases they became the victims of events, which were beyond their power to control them. When war ended, they were stigmatized as the enemies of Czechoslovakia and majority of them ousted from their homesteads to unknown fate. A continuity of life of community, which for centuries contributed to economic, cultural and social development of Slovakia, was broken. Today both sides - Slovaks as well as Germans are working together on revitalizing their common heritage.(http://www.saske.sk/cas/)
2

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN KOŠICE DURING THE PERIOD OF THE BOLSHEVIZATION (YEARS 1924 – 1929)

100%
Olejník M.
Mesto a dejiny
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2017
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vol. 6
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issue 1
48 – 66
EN
The submitted paper focuses on main events affecting the process of Bolshevization of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in Košice during years 1924 – 1929. The primary sources relevant to gaining information of the whole process are till now unpublished documents deposited in the State Archive in Košice, namely funds Košická župa and Policajné riaditeľstvo Košice. Development of political and personal situation in Košice communist organization is complemented by changes in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on state level and impact of these changes upon Košice branch. In a concise fashion are also probed interferences of the Communist International, which had a substantial impact upon developments if CPC as well as communist organization in Košice. The aim of the paper is also take into consideration a social situation in Košice and its impact on personal relations of exponents of CPC.
3

HUNGARIAN COMMUNITY IN THE FIRST DECADE OF CZECHOSLOVAC REPUBLIC

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2010
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vol. 13
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issue 2
-
EN
Establishment of Czechoslovak Republic as one of the states formed out of the debris of Austro-Hungarian Empire had a profound impact upon political, economic and social situation of Slovakia. Besides Czechs and Slovaks, Czechoslovakia became also a home of several ethnic communities. In Slovakia, the most numerous and politically significant ethnic group was Hungarian minority. The paper, in a concise form, is dealing with the status of Hungarian population in Slovakia after founding of the Czechoslovak Republic, with the political profile of the Hungarian community and with reaction of state authorities on its political and social activities.
4

MOMENTOUS HISTORIC EVENTS IN THE MODERN CZECHOSLOVAK HISTORY AND THEIR PLACE IN THE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF PRE-WAR CZECHOSLOVAKIA

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2009
|
vol. 12
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issue 2
-
EN
The article is a summary of celebration of the 28th October 1918 and Pittsburgh agreement in Slovakia in epoch of the pre-Munich Czechoslovakia. Representatives of the Czechoslovak Republic accentuated the consolidation of the state position. Besides security and economic factors, ideological justification of state played very important role in minds of his citizens as well as abroad. Important historical events, which had determining importance for formation of Czechoslovakia, had unchangeable function in this process. And these were the 28th October 1918 and Pittsburgh agreement.
5

THE POLICY OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK GOVERNMENT AIMED AT NEUTRALIZING THE GERMAN THREAT DURING 1935 – 1938 WITH A FOCUS ON THE SITUATION IN SLOVAKIA

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 3
1 – 24
EN
The second half of 1930s was a period of dramatic political changes in Europe. The stability established by peace agreements concluded after World War I underwent gradual but continual erosion. The main reason for the transforming political landscape was the political developments in Germany which resulted in the collapse of the democratic parliamentary system. In the spring of 1933 The Nazi Party assumed power in Germany and over the span of a few years succeeded in remaking Germany into a totalitarian state. In the context of Hitler´s political aims, the growing economic and military power of Germany constituted a clear threat to Central European states. The Czechoslovak government concluded that it had to apply all possible means to reinforce the defense ability of the state, and consequently a policy of rapid fortification on the border with Germany was initiated. The Czechoslovaks hoped that the Western powers (namely France, who had a defense treaty with the CSR and had on numerous occasions professed a determination to come to Czechoslovak defense in case of German aggression) would fulfill its obligation. Chamberlain, in an attempt to find accommodation with Hitler, arranged a conference with the French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, the Italian leader Mussolini and Hitler. Despite the fact that the fate of Czechoslovakia was about to be decided, no representative of the Czechoslovak Republic was invited. The signatories of the conference accepted Germany’s demands. This paper maps the steps taken by the Czechoslovak government to implement measures aimed at protecting the Republic against German aggression.
6

THE VISIT OF DELEGATES OF THE AMERICAN SLOVAK LEAGUE TO SLOVAKIA (JUNE – AUGUST 1938) AND THEIR EFFORT TO IMPLEMENT THE PITTSBURGH AGREEMENT INTO THE CZECHOSLOVAK CONSTITUTION

100%
Olejník M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2017
|
vol. 20
|
issue 3
-
EN
The Czechoslovak Republic (CSR), which was established in the Central European region as one of states after the demise of Austro-Hungarian Empire, was characterized as a state with a complex ethnic structure. Besides Czechs and Slovaks its inhabitants belonged to various ethnic minorities. The influences on the political development of the new state were the German community living predominantly in the western part of the Czech lands and a Hungarian minority settled mainly in Southern Slovakia. In both cases these ethnic groups were included in Czechoslovakia against the approval of the majority of their people. Therefore, they were a potential threat to the security of the Republic. Czech and Slovak political leaders were aware of this situation and were compelled to look for a solution. It was imperative to create a unity between both communities and in this way to eliminate the danger to the CSR. The road to the imposition of the dominant position of Czechs and Slovak in the new Republic was the creation of a political construct of a unified Czechoslovak Nation, consisting of two “branches” – the Czechs and the Slovaks. The adherents to this concept argued that, ethnic, linguistic and psychological closeness between both communities was so deep that only historical developments had prevented a fusion of them into one nation in the past. Shortly after the establishment of the CSR this conviction was translated into a political program presented by the Slovak People Party (HSPP) led by Andrej Hlinka, and the Slovak National Party, where Martin Rázus held a dominant position, till his death. Both leaders demanded autonomy for Slovakia. The form of autonomy was to be based on the Pittsburgh Agreement signed by the representatives of Czechs and Slovaks living in the USA and later the President of the CSR Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. The signatories of the Pittsburg Agreement consented that Slovakia would have an independent assembly and courts, and that the Slovak language would be the official medium of communication in public intercourse. In the view of autonomist adherents, the Masaryk ́s signature was undisputable proof that the document had a legal relevance.
7
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Defensive Measures Adopted by Czechoslovak Authorities in Reaction to Danger Posed by Nazi Germany during Years 1935–1937

63%
Gabzdilová S., Olejník M.
Central European Papers
|
2020
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vol. 8
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issue 2
29-44
EN
Submitted paper is mapping measures enacted by Czechoslovak government during period of years 1934–1937 as a reaction to aggressive policy of Nazi Germany. Attention is given toproceedingsaimedat increaseoffightingabilityof Czechoslovak Army such as fieldmilitary exercises improvement of organization structure and elaboration of defensive operations in response to possible German attack. Focus is placed on defense construction works protecting boundaries, namely along western region of state. The paper is endeavoring to provide, in a concise fashion, a picture of struggle of Czechoslovak political leaders and military to prepare CSR to be able to cope with threat of German aggression and role of Czech and Slovak periodical press to inform public about dramatic political development during years 1935–1937. Attention is given to endeavors of periodical press in creation of confidence in Czechoslovak Republic ability to withstand danger of aggression from Nazi Germany.
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