Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 5

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
This article presents the relations between identity and religion based on biographical interviews with people of Polish decent currently living in Crimea. Poles in Crimea are a minority functioning in a multinational context, among 134 other nations. According to the last census nearly 4,000 people declared membership of the Polish group. The conducted research shows that persons of Polish decent are dispersed, constituting larger clusters in cities such as Simferopol, Sevastopol or Yalta. It is there that after 1991 Roman-Catholic parishes and associations of Poles have been established. The objectives of the associations are to integrate the dispersed communities, safeguard the remembrance of history and culture, as well as maintain ties with the homeland. The article considers the role of religion in relation to identity on three levels: the construction, maintainability, and change of identity. On the first level, a significant element repeatedly mentioned in the biographical narratives is baptism, as an initiation into the religious community, and celebrating Christmas and Easter. Baptism in the Orthodox rite was frequent in the researched group and, as it occurred, was a path to changing one's identity; similarly to mixed marriages. What is interesting, in maintaining one's identity an important role is played by identifying Polishness with Catholicism, also in the group of people who have a complex, contextual identity and, depending on this context, identify themselves as Poles or Russians. In all cases the recollections of lost coherent national and religious identity among the ancestors are kept alive. They are important in maintaining one's identity and take part in constructing the boundaries of group identity, mainly in relation to the Russians as a dominant group, and in differentiating Catholicism from Orthodoxy. In these comparisons Poles are characterized by higher culture, spirituality, linkages with the European tradition and the ability to treasure it. These functions are strengthened by a revival of Catholicism in Crimea, possible after the collapse of the Soviet Union and enabling the respondents to manifest the links between this religion and Polishness by means of participating in religious practices and organizing activities in a few Roman Catholic parishes.
EN
The article is devoted to the preliminary analysis of biographical interviews, taken with representatives of Crimean Tatars returning to Crimean Peninsula and settling in the places that they or their ancestors used to live before deportation. The research was conducted in summer of 2008 and 2009, 20 interviews were taken with consideration of age, sex, place of living and level of education. Traces of memory are understood in this article as repeatable elements of biographical narratives. By this virtue those repeated elements refer not only to individual identity but they also build collective identity, more precisely national in this case. The key element of the article is the third part of it where relations between memory and identity are explored in collected biographies. As it appeared in all life-stories deportation from Crimea and return after years are crucial elements of construction of biographies and in all cases it has a form of trajectories. The general conclusion is that memory of these painful events and celebration of it is functional for building the strong collective identity which is based on traditional values, religious and political integration of national minority.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia kluczowe etapy rozwoju socjologii religii, a na tym tle prezentowane jest znaczenie badań naukowych w tym zakresie, prowadzonych na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. Pierwszą fazę rozwoju prezentują klasycy socjologii religii, Emilé Durkheim i Max Weber, których zręby rozumienia religii są wkomponowane w całościowe wizje społeczeństwa. Oni też w swoich teoriach zawarli przesłanki dla rozumienia sekularyzacji, które były rozwijane przez następne pokolenia socjologów religii. Autorka stawia tezę, że teorie sekularyzacji i dyskusje wokół niej były ważnym elementem powstania nowych teorii, w tym ważnej koncepcji religii publicznej José Casanovy. Na tle światowych trendów w rozwoju socjologii religii zaprezentowane są osiągnięcia socjologów pracujących na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim, których dorobek badawczy i publikacyjny zyskał miano lubelskiej szkoły socjologii religii. Wśród nich szczególnie zasłużyli się ks. Franciszek Mirek, ks. Józef Majka, ks. Władysław Piwowarski i ks. Janusz Mariański, których najważniejsze zasługi są w artykule omówione, na tle rozwoju dyscypliny w Polsce.
EN
The article present crucial points in development of sociology of religion, and the role of research conducted at Catholic University of Lublin is presented at this background. The first faze is presented by achievements of classics in the field, Emilé Durkheim i Max Weber, who their understanding of religion implemented to the holistic concepts of society. They also in their theories observed some elements of secularization process, that later were developed by the next generations of sociologists of religion. Author thesis is that theories of secularization were formative for development of the reflection on the changing social role of religion and had an impact on further theories of religion, including the influential concept of José Casanova about the return of religion to public life. The role of sociologist from the Catholic University of Lublin, known as school of sociology of religion from Lublin, is presented on this background. Achievements of the main figures, such as fr. Franciszek Mirek, fr. Józef Majka, fr Władysław Piwowarski and fr. Janusz Mariański, with taking into account influence of their research on sociology of religion in Poland.
EN
The topic of abortion is widely discussed in the Polish public sphere since early 90s. Religious actors have been active participants in this debate but sociologists rarely look at the role of religion in formulating discourse on abortion. The goal of this article is to answer the question of how religion is present in the discourse on abortion in Poland and what are social consequences of that. We analyze arguments used in discourse on abortion in the documents of the Polish Episcopate Conference and selected Polish liberal and Catholic weeklies. We draw conclusions about the vision of religion presented by selected opinion-forming circles. Documents of the Episcopate and “Gość Niedzielny” present absolute opposition to abortion. Abortion is defined as “the end of life”. The main religious argument is the reference to God as the creator of man who is the only entity able to decide about the end of human life. The social consequence of the assumption that God is a source of morality is an opinion that the best mechanism for ensuring the well-being of the state is to base the law on religious foundations. The religious argument in “Tygodnik Powszechny” is more nuanced. Authors refer to the social context of abortion and the complexity of women’s decisions about abortion. Liberal weeklies strongly oppose the implementation of more restrictive abortion law. The social consequence of criticism of religion is the vision of society as independent and the postulate of a state independent of religion. Religion is believed to be non-functional as the base of morality.
PL
Temat aborcji jest szeroko dyskutowany w polskiej sferze publicznej od czasu transformacji ustrojowej. Chociaż aktorzy religijni są aktywnymi uczestnikami tej debaty, socjologowie rzadko badają rolę religii w jej kształtowaniu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, w jaki sposób religijne argumenty są używane do uzasadniania stanowisk zajmowanych w dyskursie o aborcji. Na podstawie porównawczej analizy argumentacji i sposobów komunikowania religii w dyskursie o aborcji, w dokumentach Konferencji Episkopatu Polski i wybranych liberalnych i katolickich tygodnikach opinii wyciągamy wnioski dotyczące tego, jakie wizje religii prezentują wybrane środowiska opiniotwórcze i jak widzą ich społeczne konsekwencje. W dokumentach Episkopatu i w publikacjach „Gościa Niedzielnego” sprzeciw wobec aborcji ma charakter absolutny, a podstawowym argumentem religijnym jest odwołanie do Boga jako twórcy człowieka i uzasadnienie świętości życia. Konsekwencją społeczną jest w tych dokumentach przekonanie, że najlepszym mechanizmem zapewnienia pomyślności państwa, właściwego prawa i społecznej moralności jest oparcie prawa stanowionego na religijnych podstawach. Argumentacja religijna w Tygodniku Powszechnym, przy sprzeciwie wobec aborcji, jest bardziej zniuansowana i różnorodna. Występują odwołania do kontekstu społecznego i złożoności decyzji o aborcji. W tygodnikach liberalnych dominuje zdecydowany sprzeciw wobec dążenia do zaostrzenia prawa w kwestii dopuszczalności aborcji. Konsekwencją społeczną krytyki religii jest wizja społeczeństwa jako samosterownego i postulat państwa niezależnego od religii.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.