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1
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Czy psychologia polska przetrwa do 2026 roku?

100%
Jaśkowski P.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2007
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vol. 10
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issue 1
159-172
PL
W opinii autora polską psychologię jako dyscyplinę naukową charakteryzuje negatywne zjawisko, które w znacznym stopniu utrudnia jej rozwój. Jest to automarginalizacja oznaczająca ograniczenie komunikacji naukowej do wyłącznie polskiego środowiska naukowego poprzez publikowanie oryginalnych prac badawczych w przeważającej mierze w polskojęzycznych czasopismach naukowych.
EN
In the opinion of the author, Polish psychology as a scientific discipline is charactarized by a negative phenomenon, which remarkably hinder its development, which I named self-marginalization. It indicates the limitation of scientific communication merely to the Polish scientific circle by publishing original research contributions mostly in Polish-language journals.
2
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W świecie masek, czyli o tym, jak osoby z autyzmem spostrzegają ludzką twarz

63%
Dekowska M., Jaśkowski P.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 1
91-125
PL
Ludzka twarz jest jednym z najważniejszych bodźców o charakterze społecznym. Dzięki jego szybkiej i efektywnej analizie jesteśmy w stanie ocenić atrakcyjność fizyczną, poziom inteligencji, niektóre cechy osobowości, zamiary i stany mentalne danej osoby, a także jej nastrój. Przede wszystkim jednak prawidłowa interpretacja wyrazu twarzy partnera interakcji warunkuje powodzenie w nawiązaniu i utrzymaniu zadowalającego obie strony kontaktu społecznego. Deficyt kontaktów społecznych jest z kolei jednym z trzech głównych komponentów autyzmu. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje zatem krytyczny przegląd najnowszych badań dotyczących percepcji twarzy u osób zdiagnozowanych w ramach autystycznego spektrum zaburzeń (ASD). Przytoczone wyniki sugerują atypowy sposób przetwarzania ludzkiego oblicza u dzieci oraz u dorosłych z autyzmem, a także istnienie anomalii strukturalno-funkcjonalnych w obszarach mózgu odpowiadających za percepcję twarzy i emocji u osób z autyzmem. W artykule została podjęta próba interpretacji zaprezentowanych wyników w kontekście prawidłowego rozwoju percepcji twarzy oraz dwóch poznawczych teorii autyzmu, tj. deficytu centralnej koherencji Uty Frith i braku teorii umysłu Simona Barona-Cohena. Wskazano również na nowe kierunki badań nad problemem spostrzegania ludzkiej twarzy u osób z autyzmem.
EN
The human face is one of the major stimuli of social nature. With its rapid and effective analysis we are able to make judgments about people's physical attractiveness, moods, certain personality traits, mental states, intentions and even intelligence. Above all, the correct interpretation of someone's facial expression determines the success in creating and maintaining a mutually satisfying social contacts. In turn, a deficit of social interaction is one of three main components of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). This article presents a critical review of recent research on face perception in individuals who suffer from ASD. These recent results suggest atypical face-processing in autistic children and adults, and also the existence of structural and functional abnormalities in the brain regions responsible for perception of faces and emotions in people with autism. This work is an attempt to interpret an extensive pool of experimental studies presented here in the context of normal face perception development and the two cognitive theories of autism, namely Utah Frith's Central Coherence Deficit and Simon Baron-Cohen's Lack of Theory of Mind. The article also indicated new directions for research into the human face perception difficulties among people with ASD.
3
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Content available

Projektowanie realizacji obiektów budowlanych w warunkach ryzyka

63%
Biruk S., Jaśkowski P.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 178
35-45
EN
Scheduling projects of linear or repetitive character (roads, pipelines, high-rise buildings) involves harmonizing a number of continuous construction processes to be conducted by specialized crews or machine sets executed at the same time in a number of work sections. Such projects are often modeled by time-distance diagrams that are represented graphically as an X-Y plot where one axis represents location, and the other time. Project planning involves allowing for construction-specific risks and is aimed at providing reliable schedules. These are to help the manager to assure that the project is completed by the predefined due date and, at the same time, that interruptions in work flow are avoided. In the case of repetitive processes, schedule robustness can be improved by providing time buffers between consecutive activities. The paper proposes an analytic method of sizing these buffers that assumes (as in PERT) that activity durations are stochastic variables whose distribution parameters can be defined on the basis of optimistic, pessimistic and most likely estimates. The method was used to construct a casestudy schedule, and the schedule quality was tested by means of simulation.
4
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Disentangling neural processing of masked and masking stimulus by means of event-related contralateral — ipsilateral differences of EEG potentials

63%
Verleger R., Jaśkowski P.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2007
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vol. 3
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issue 1-2
193-210
EN
In spite of the excellent temporal resolution of event-related EEG potentials (ERPs), the overlapping potentials evoked by masked and masking stimuli are hard to disentangle. However, when both masked and masking stimuli consist of pairs of relevant and irrelevant stimuli, one left and one right from fixation, with the side of the relevant element varying between pairs, effects of masked and masking stimuli can be distinguished by means of the contralateral preponderance of the potentials evoked by the relevant elements, because the relevant elements may independently change sides in masked and masking stimuli. Based on a reanalysis of data from which only selected contralateral-ipsilateral effects had been previously published, the present contribution will provide a more complete picture of the ERP effects in a masked-priming task. Indeed, effects evoked by masked primes and masking targets heavily overlapped in conventional ERPs and could be disentangled to a certain degree by contralateral-ipsilateral differences. Their major component, the N2pc, is interpreted as indicating preferential processing of stimuli matching the target template, which process can neither be identified with conscious perception nor with shifts of spatial attention. The measurements showed that the triggering of response preparation by the masked stimuli did not depend on their discriminability, and their priming effects on the processing of the following target stimuli were qualitatively different for stimulus identification and for response preparation. These results provide another piece of evidence for the independence of motor-related and perception-related effects of masked stimuli.
5
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What determines the direction of subliminal priming

63%
Jaśkowski P., Verleger R.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2007
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vol. 3
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issue 1-2
181-192
EN
Masked stimuli (primes) can affect the preparation of a motor response to subsequently presented target stimuli. Reactions to the target can be facilitated (straight priming) or inhibited (inverse priming) when preceded by a compatible prime (calling for the same response) and also when preceded by an incompatible prime. Several hypotheses are currently under debate. These are the self-inhibition (SI) hypothesis, the object-updating (OU) hypothesis, and mask-triggered inhibition (MTI) hypothesis. All assume that the initial activation of the motor response is elicited by the prime according to its identity. This activation inevitably leads to straight priming in some cases and the mechanisms involved are undisputed. The hypotheses differ, however, as to why inverse priming occurs. The self-inhibition (SI) hypothesis assumes that the motor activation elicited by a prime is automatically followed by an inhibition phase, leading to inverse priming if three conditions are fulfilled: perceptual evidence for the prime has to be sufficiently strong, it has to be immediately removed by the mask, and the delay between the prime and target has to be long enough for inhibition to become effective. The object-updating (OU) hypothesis assumes that inverse priming is triggered by the mask, provided that it contains features calling for the alternative response (i.e. the one contrasting with the response induced by the prime). The MTI hypothesis assumes that the inhibitory phase is triggered by each successive stimulus which does not support the perceptual hypothesis provided by the prime. Based mostly on our own experiments, we argue that (1) attempts to manipulate the three factors required by the SI hypothesis imply changes of other variables and that (2) indeed, other variables seem to affect priming: prime-mask perceptual interaction and temporal position of the mask. These observations are in favor of the MTI hypothesis. A limiting factor for all three hypotheses is that inverse priming is larger for arrows than for other shapes, making it doubtful as to what extent the majority of studies on inverse priming, due to their use of arrows, can be generalized to other stimuli.
6
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Metoda redukcji czasu realizacji liniowych obiektów budowlanych

63%
Jaśkowski P., Biruk S.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2015
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vol. 241
51-64
PL
Przedsięwzięcia budowlane często obejmują swym zakresem roboty powtarzane na częściach obiektów. Proces budowy tych obiektów jest zazwyczaj dzielony na mniejsze elementy powierzane jednostkom organizacyjnym. Stosowaną w praktyce formą graficzną harmonogramów takich przedsięwzięć są cyklogramy. Najczęściej przyjmowanym kryterium ich optymalizacji jest minimalizacja czasu wykonania. Również w trakcie realizacji przedsięwzięć, w przypadku wystąpienia zakłóceń, jest konieczne podjęcie działań prowadzących do redukcji czasu realizacji pozostałych zadań. Najczęściej stosowane metody to: praca w godzinach nadliczbowych, alokacja dodatkowych zasobów lub relokacja zasobów zaangażowanych. W artykule rozważany jest problem doboru tych działań w celu redukcji czasu realizacji przedsięwzięcia liniowego pod kątem minimalizacji związanych z nimi kosztów. Opracowano model matematyczny zagadnienia. Sposób rozwiązania problemu przedstawiono na przykładzie.
EN
Construction projects often involve repetitive processes conducted in similar units. The project's scope is divided into simple processes to be conducted by particular gangs of specialized workers or machine sets. Schedules of such projects are usually presented graphically by two dimension coordinate system diagram. The main objective of schedule optimization is a project duration minimization. As the project proceeds, works may occur to be conducted not in accordance with the schedule, making the expected completion date seriously different from the as-planned date. In such cases, works need to be rescheduled, which usually means that durations of operations need also to be reduced. This can be achieved by working overtime, employing new resources or relocating resources from less important to critical tasks. The paper investigates into the problem of selecting duration reducing measures for a linear project minimizing cost of these measures. The authors put forward a mathematical model of the problem and illustrate its principle of operation with an example.
7
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The role of direct parameter specification and attentional capture in near-threshold priming of motor reactions

51%
Skalska B., Jaśkowski P., van der Lubbe R.
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
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2006
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vol. 2
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issue 1
47-59
EN
The priming of motor responses can be induced by preceding visual stimuli that have been made invisible by metacontrast masking (‘primes’). According to the concept of direct parameter specification (DPS; Neumann, 1990), strong similarity between prime and target results in the processing operations that are to be applied to the target being also induced by the prime. As targets have to be attended to, this also implies that attention is captured by the location of a prime, thereby facilitating motor priming effects. This hypothetical effect may be viewed as a form of top-down attentional capture. In some subliminal priming experiments (e.g. Jaśkowski, Skalska, & Verleger, 2003), however, attentional capture may have been unrelated to target identity, as stimuli with unique features (singletons) are known to induce bottom-up attentional capture. Three experiments were performed that largely confirmed the view that the results of these earlier experiments were due to top-down attentional capture, in line with DPS. However, the priming effect was also evoked by a singleton irrelevant to the participants' task, although this effect was weaker than in case of strong similarity between prime and target. Priming effects remained when singletons were absent from one side of the visual field, suggesting that the presence of singletons is not a requirement for the observation of motor priming effects.
8
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Kilka uwag psychologa hobbysty na temat roku 2026

44%
Jaśkowski P.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2007
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vol. 10
|
issue 1
199-203
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Application of the lateralized readiness potential to experimental psychology

32%
Jaśkowski P., Kurczewska M.
Nauka
|
2005
|
issue 1
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