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1

Social change or social evolution?

100%
Gedeon P.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2004
|
issue 2
3-26
EN
The critics of evolutionary theory have shown the weaknesses of the former theory of social evolution but they went too far in their criticism. The idea of progress was the main target of their critique. Anti-evolutionary thinkers tried to justify the separation of the concept of social change and that of cumulative development. I did not find this critique convincing. The criticism of anti-evolutionary theory should be taken seriously, but on the basis of the distinction between general and specific evolution the insistence of evolutionists upon the idea of cumulative development can be preserved even in the light of the criticism of anti-evolutionism. Social change may be interpreted as a process of cumulative development brought about by the selection process of social institutions in the back of individual actors. Cumulative social developments emerge as the unintended consequence of individual actions.
2

Market order and social norms. Hayek's theory of social evolution

100%
Gedeon P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
1-28
EN
Hayek's theory of sociocultural evolution is a generalization of his theory of market order. He explains in the same way the development and operation of market order and those of the social institutions on which market order is based. This logic interprets the development and persistence of spontaneous order and group-level behaviour rules as an unintentional consequence of individual actions. In his explanation of social norms, enforcement of the principles of methodological individualism has to be paid for by abandoning the evolutionist perspective. But Hayek also employs an evolutionist approach in his explanation of social norms, and so he augments his methodological individualist approach with some functionalist-cum-evolutionist arguments. Hayek's theory of sociocultural evolution, for instance, exemplifies how an explanation resting on methodological individualism and a functionalist argument can complement, not preclude each other.
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