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EN
Juliusz Poniatowski was an outstanding politician, parliamentarian and educator in the Second Republic of Poland. As a member and V-chairman of the Polish Parliament (1919 -1927) and threefold Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform he proved to be the determined advocate of the agrarian reform in Poland, intellectually and practically involved in this process. In spite of tremendous economic and socio-political barriers and difficulties the process of agrarian reform was slowly continued under his program and supervision. Thanks to his determination and efforts around 35% of peasant families benefited from the process and the area of land owned by small farmers increased by roughly 20%. In 1939 - 1957 on emigration ( political exile ) in France, Italy and Palestine. In 1958 he returned to Poland and in spite of his advanced age soon become very active in public life particularly in agricultural education and the human factor in agricultural development. During his whole life to the end of his days all his activities were devoted to people and their economic and intellectual development and life improvement.
PL
Treścią artykułu są wyniki studiów w ramach planu badawczego Zakładu Integracji IRWiR-PAN nad procesami transformacji wsi i rolnictwa a zwłaszcza w procesie implementacji WPR. W opracowaniu wykorzystano szereg studiów szczegółowych innych autorów oraz wyniki analizy porównawczej w różnych okresach rozwoju polskiej wsi i rolnictwa. Opracowanie ma charakter syntetyczny.
EN
The article presents the main processes and changes being seen in the development of Polish rural and agriculture transformation. The analysis and conclusion are based on several detailed studies of other authors as well as on comparative studies of different periods of development. The analysis covers the period of the second part of the 20th Century with special attention to decade of 1990-2000.
EN
The author discusses the definitions and meaning of two notions - human factor and social capital. Making a reference to the hitherto studies and analyses the author formulates a thesis that the role of these factors is gaining in significance in step with the general socio-economic development. Emphasis is laid in the article on the assessment of the present state and future role of these factors in the development of agriculture and rural areas in Poland. Attention is drawn to the main shortcomings and needs relating to quality improvement and increased influence of the discussed factors in the process of integration. In the conclusion of his article the author states that a considerable inflow of financial means as well as structural and administrative changes will not produce full possible advantages unless a radical improvement is achieved in the sphere of quality and creative participation of individuals and social capital.
EN
The main content of the paper is a broad analysis of the present status and changes of agricultural and food production. The level, structure and distribution of food production in the world and regions in the context of malnutrition and reducing hunger are the main issues of author's deliberation. One of the most important conditions of further development of less-developed countries is their better access to international trade of agricultural and food products. Protection and subsidies implemented by developed countries are reducing participation and access of developing countries to the international market of agricultural and food products. The necessity of reducing trade-distorting policy and improving market access is becoming more and more important.
EN
Authors define and explain the meaning of two concepts, namely human and social capital and their influence on the socio-economic progress in agriculture and rural areas. The presented studies and analyses point to the link between the growing role of these two factors and the general socio-economic progress. A major part of the paper is devoted to analysing the past and current state of human and social capital in Poland, focusing on their deficiencies and the need to improve their quality. In conclusion the authors note that the significant inflow of financial means after the the Polish accession to the EU as well as structural and administrative changes will not bring in full the possible benefits in the future unless there is an improvement in quality and an increase of creative participation of the human and social capital. The health aspect is also explored in the paper as a crucial element influencing human capital in the Polish rural areas.
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