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EN
The article deals with the reaction of the Polish nobility, convened during the interregnum after the death of King Stephen Bathory to elect the new monarch, to the book De bello Moschovitico commentariorum libri VI by Reinhold Heidenstein, which treated on recent historical events. Heidensteins work conveyed the offi cial views of the ruling circles, and Chancellor Jan Zamoyski was personally engaged in its preparation. However, the opposition was of the opinion that in combination with preventive censorship the book was supposed to impose upon the public a vision of the past favourable to the governing elite, e.i. a biased one. This episode, exceptional in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, did not result in the confi scation of the book. The anti-Zamoyski faction failed both to bring about the election of their candidate to the Polish throne, and to persuade the Sejm to delegalize censoring historical works. Nevertheless, the affair resulted in refraining by the ruling circles from such actions during the reign of the next king, Sigismund III Vasa. Most probably, Jan Zamoyski, who soon after the election found himself in opposition to the throne, himself a master of political propaganda, decided that it would be much more effective to manipulate public opinion with anonymous effemeral prints.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest reakcji szlachty uczestniczącej w sejmach okresu bezkrólewia po śmierci Stefana Batorego na druk poświęcony ówczesnym dziejom najnowszym: De bello Moschovitico commentariorum libri VI autorstwa Reinholda Heidensteina. Było to dzieło dziejopisarstwa oficjalnego przygotowane przy osobistym zaangażowaniu kanclerza koronnego, które po wprowadzeniu cenzury prewencyjnej miało, zdaniem opozycji, narzucać opinii publicznej wizję przeszłości korzystną dla rządzących, a więc stronniczą. To wyjątkowe w dziejach I RP wydarzenie jakkolwiek nie doprowadziło do konfiskaty książki, gdyż rzecznicy tego rozwiązania nie zdołali zapewnić tronu swemu kandydatowi ani też sprawić, że wprowadzenie cenzury na druki historyczne nie zostało uznane za bezprawne, doprowadziło jednak do zaniechania takich praktyk w czasach Zygmunta III. Prawdopodobnie dlatego, że kanclerz Jan Zamoyski, staropolski mistrz gry wizerunkowej, przechodząc do opozycji względem młodego Wazy, uznał, iż znacznie szybciej będzie można manipulować opinią publiczną przy użyciu anonimowych pism ulotnych.
EN
This article seeks to verify the established view that the King Sigismund III of Poland (1587–1632) bears the main blame for deepening religious conflicts in Poland during his reign because of actions and omissions resulting from his intolerant attitudes. The fact that the few commotions could not be prevented can be explained by the fact that then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not a police state. On the other hand the impunity of the perpetrators was the result of the state judiciary in Poland. Moreover, without change of a "constitutional law" it was impossible to enactment of the so-called process of the Confederation of Warsaw, the allegations of propaganda laying blame at the king’s door for violations of religious peace and support of the Union of Brest were to raise the non-Catholic nobility to support the activities organized by political opponents of Sigismund III Vasa. A great number of occasional writings containing those accusations, which occurred also in the statements of the many noble conventions and lack of the knowledge on the specifics of political system in Poland created – also in historiography – the thesis of Sigismund III Vasa as most intolerant of the Polish kings.
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