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1

Spółdzielnie socjalne prowadzące działalność rolniczą – wybrane problemy prawne

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Suchoń A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

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vol. 12

149-165

EN

The purpose of the article is, first of all, to evaluate the rules concerning an agricultural activity run by social cooperatives and, secondly, to identify legal issues associated with setting up and running an activity by these entities, and to make an attempt to solve these problems. The first part of the article focuses on setting up a cooperative and on its members, especially people with disabilities, farmers and household members with the status of the unemployed. It presents some selected court decisions. Then, the paper discusses the issue of running an agricultural activity by social cooperatives. It raises the question of land contributions and tries to determine whether social cooperatives running an agricultural activity can be regarded as agricultural production cooperatives. This classification is important in terms of exercising the right of preemption in the event of sales of a land contribution or leased agricultural lands. Then, the paper focuses on the issue of de minimis aid and de minimis aid in agriculture. In conclusion, the author puts forward de lege ferenda proposals concerning preemption right in respect of a social cooperative. She also calls for the introduction of other legal instruments supporting the entity in question, e.g. greater opportunities to enlarge farms by the acquisition or lease of lands from the Agricultural Property Agency.

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Grupy i organizacje producentów rolnych wobec wyzwań Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej 2014-2020

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Suchoń A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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vol. 13

133-150

EN

This article attempts to assess the legal rules governing the organization and functioning of groups and organizations of agricultural producers in Poland in the context of new challenges resulting from the Common Agricultural Policy. This issue is particularly important due to some changes to legal regulations introduced by the Act of 11 September 2015, as well as of 10 July 2015. The paper presents the basic objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy and the legal regulations on the associations of farmers in the EU legislation. Special attention is given to the scope of their tasks and challenges arising from the EU regulations. Next, the paper focuses on legal regulations of the operation of groups of agricultural producers, initially recognized groups and organizations of fruit and vegetables and milk producer organizations in Poland. It emphasizes the relationship between the group (organization) of agricultural producers and its members’ farm. Its purpose is closely linked with agricultural activities of its members. They take over from agricultural producers running an agricultural activity some of the obligations related to, e.g. the sales of agricultural products, marketing, taking some agrotechnological actions or purchasing the means of production. Special attention is paid to the change to legal regulations concerning the organization and functioning of groups and organizations of agricultural producers (e.g. the process of registration, the entity performing control and supervision). In conclusion, the author points out that the above analyses have confirmed that the legislator, both the EU and the Polish one, is trying to introduce the legal instruments that will encourage farmers to associate. The development of agricultural producer groups and implementation of new challenges of the CAP depend not only on legislation concerning their organization and functioning as well as financing, but also on the agrarian structure and socio-economic situation in the Member States.

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Wpływ miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego na prawne formy dysponowania nieruchomościami rolnymi

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Suchoń A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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vol. 14

131-147

EN

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of local spatial management plans on legal forms of administrating agricultural real estates. In view of the extensive scope of the problem it was decided to focus on the concept of agricultural real estates; transfer of ownership right or perpetual usufruct right of agricultural real estates for purposes other than agricultural; the effect of a local spatial management plan on lease of agricultural real estates. Moreover, the paper also presents principles of changes in planned land use of agricultural real estates in the local spatial management plan and it was referred to the problem of exclusion of agricultural land from agricultural use as well as re-zoning fees. In conclusion the author states that e.g. adoption or a change in the spatial management plan and the location of an agricultural real estate in areas with planned land use other than agricultural does not impose in principle an obligation to cease agricultural activity and does not introduce the date for the exclusion of agricultural land from agricultural activity (unless the plan stipulates another manner of their temporal land management). However, already a change in the plan (the location of an agricultural real estate in areas with planned land use other than agricultural) results in a situation when the National Agricultural Constitution Act of 11 April 2003 is no longer binding. The author also presented her de lege ferenda conclusions concerning e.g. changes in spatial planning, implementation of greater protection of class IV agricultural land (if their cohesive area planned to have their land use changed exceeds e.g. 1 ha), reinforcement of the legal position of agricultural real estate lease in the case of planned land use for leased land other than agricultural in the local spatial management plan. In such a situation the lessee no longer is entitled to the preemptive right, which may be particularly unfair in relation to long-term dependent possessors, who introduced considerable improvements hoping for the potential acquisition of ownership.

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Funkcjonowanie rynku mleka po likwidacji kwotowania – wybrane aspekty prawne

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Suchoń A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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vol. 14

297-313

EN

The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the question whether the legal instruments ensure the stabilization of milk producers and the development of the milk market. It discusses the entities operating on the milk market, including milk producers, dairy cooperatives, groups and organizations of milk producers. Then, it presents the issue of penalties for the overproduction of milk. Next, the discussion focuses on helping milk producers who, in the quota year 2014/2015,marketed not less than 15 000 kg of milk; on financial resources for the reduction of milk production and those indicated in Regulation No 2016/1613. Additionally, it presents the issue of public intervention and aid for private storage of selected dairy products. In conclusion, the author stresses, inter alia, the activity of the EU legislator on the relevant market. The legislator is aware of the difficult situation of agricultural producers and introduces new forms of legal support for milk producers. There is no doubt that they contribute to greater stability and growth of that market. However, the financial situation of milk farmers, especially smaller ones is usually difficult. It is associated not only with the abolition of the milk production quota, but also with the export situation and, as a result, with lower milk prices.

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Z prawnej problematyki gruntów rolnych z drzewami i gruntów leśnych jako składników gospodarstwa rolnego

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Suchoń A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2017

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vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

The purpose of the article is to indicate and assess the impact of the legal regulations specifying the rights and obligations of the owner of agricultural land with trees and forest land included in the farm in the context of the activity conducted on that farm and environmental protection. The issues in question are wide, therefore the article focuses primarily on the afforestation of agricultural lands. It presents the evolution of legal regulations and the rights and obligations of agricultural producers who have afforested, including the maintenance of forests. The paper refers also to the law on the protection of agricultural and forest lands. Additionally, the paper discusses the permission to remove trees from the farmland and selected regulations concerning the subject of trees in the farms in the civil code and tax laws. In the conclusions the author states that the legislator tries to support, on the one hand, the protection of the environment (e.g. enlarging the forest area, quantitative and qualitative protection of forest land) and, on the other hand, the activity of an agricultural producer in this area by means of financial instruments (financial means related to afforestation of agricultural land, tax exemptions, compensation for obligatory afforestation or shrub planting).

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Z aktualnej problematyki dzierżawy nieruchomości rolnych

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Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2016

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issue 1 (18)

49-64

EN

The aim of the article is to emphasise the influence of the Act of 14 April 2016 on the Suspension of the Sale of the Property from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury (APSST) and the amendments to certain other acts on the functioning of the agricultural property lease. In conclusion, the authoress states that the lease as well as interest of such lease of agricultural land from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury will increase. Tenancy will become a basic way of starting and expanding large-scale agricultural farm holdings and the agricultural holdings run by the cooperatives or commercial companies. Various legal solutions that restrict the total area of the agricultural holding have also been identified.

IT

L’articolo si propone di valutare l’impatto sul modo in cui funziona il meccanismo dell’affitto di fondi agricoli che produce la legge del 14 aprile 2016 sulla sospensione della vendita dei fondi agricoli facenti parte dell’Agenzia fondiaria agricola Tesoro di Stato (WRSP) e sulla modifica di alcune leggi. Nella parte conclusiva l’autrice afferma tra l’altro che l’importanza dell’affitto di fondi agricoli facenti parte della WRSP sarà sempre maggiore, pure l’interesse per l’affitto di tali fondi aumenterà. L’affitto sarà una principale forma per la creazione e l’espansione di grandi aziende agricole, di aziende agricole gestite dalle cooperative di produzione agricola oppure dalle società di diritto commerciale. Al contempo l’autrice ha indicato soluzioni giuridiche che limitano la superficie delle aziende agricole.

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Z prawnej problematyki umowy kontraktacji w praktyce

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Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2017

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issue 1 (20)

165-184

EN

The purpose of the deliberations presented in the paper was to assess the provisions governing agricultural supply contracts by looking at its practical aspects and finding an answer to the question whether an agricultural producer is adequately protected under the existing law. The deliberations were focused on the identification of the parties to the contract and its subject, the form in which the contract has been entered into, contract samples, and weather conditions that may have an impact on its performance, especially in light of the provisions or articles 622 and 623 of the Polish Civil Code when the contract obliga-tion cannot be satisfied in full. It has been found out that in the light of the existing provi-sions of the Civil Code, the situation of the contracting principal is considerably stronger than that of the agricultural producer. Agricultural producers are not adequately protected although there are attempts to amend certain legal regulations existing outside the Civil Code provisions. It is then posited that new instruments should be added to the Code in order to guarantee a better balance of the interests of both parties to an agricultural supply contract.

IT

L’obiettivo delle considerazioni è duplice. Si tratta sia di valutare la disciplina del contratto di coltivazione mostrando aspetti pratici della sua applicazione sia di rispondere alla domanda se il legislatore riesca a garantire una tutela adeguata al produttore agricolo. L’articolo si propone di determinare le parti e l’oggetto del contratto in oggetto, la sua forma e i tipi, gli effetti che le condizioni meteorologiche possono avere sulla sua realizzazione, nonché di riflettere in maniera particolare sull’applicazione degli artt. 622 e 623 del c.c. in caso di impossibilità parziale di adempiere la prestazione risultante dal contratto. Conclu-dendo, l’autrice afferma tra l’altro che, alla luce delle disposizioni del codice civile, la situazione del soggetto contraente è decisamente più forte rispetto a quella del produttore agricolo. Il legislatore, benché cerchi di rafforzare la posizione degli agricoltori, soprattutto attraverso cambiamenti disciplinari non codicistici, non riesce a garantirgli una tutela adeguata. Alla fine l’autrice formula un postulato di introdurre nuovi strumenti nel Codice civile, atti a garantire un migliore equilibrio tra gli interessi del soggetto contraente e il produttore agricolo.

8

Spółdzielnie wobec wyzwań współczesnego rolnictwa w Polsce

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Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2018

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issue 1 (22)

59-76

EN

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the legal regulation of agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning respond to the challenges of modern agriculture in Poland. It has been shown that following Poland’s accession to the European Union, the activity of Polish agricultural cooperatives has been focused not only on production but also on supporting the activity of co-op-producers of agricultural produce. As a result Polish agriculture has being developing well and, at the same time, in line with EU policies. By regulating agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning, the legislator seeks to respond to the challenges of modern agriculture, although there is no doubt that further legislative changes are necessary.

IT

L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda se e fino a che punto la regolazione giuridica delle cooperative agricole, della loro organizzazione e del funzionamento riesca a far fronte alle sfide poste in Polonia all’agricoltura moderna. Nella parte conclusiva, l’Autrice ha affermato tra l’altro che, dopo l’adesione della Polonia all’Unione Europea, l’attività delle cooperative agricole si concentra non solo sull’attività di produzione, ma è orientata anche a sostenere l’operato dei cooperatori-produttori agricoli. Di conseguenza, l’attività intrapresa favorisce lo sviluppo dell’agricoltura stessa, iscrivendosi allo stesso tempo nel quadro delle politiche dell’UE. Il legislatore, inteso a disciplinare le cooperative agricole, la loro organizzazione e il funzionamento, si impegna a rispondere alle sfide poste all’agricoltura moderna, benché, ed è fuori dubbio, siano necessarie ulteriori modifiche legislative.

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Formy zagospodarowania mienia Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa po zmianie przepisów z 2016 roku

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Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2018

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issue 2 (23)

13-30

EN

The aim of the author of the article was to determine the impact of the amendments to the legal regulations, especially those introduced by the Act of 14 April 2016 on suspending the sale of real estate from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, on the forms of property development. In particular, it is to determine which of these forms dominate and to indicate the legal conditions related to their functioning. Among other things, it has been noted the sale of the property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock has significantly decreased in comparison with the years 2009–2014, while the area of agricultural land being leased is growing. The amendments to the regulations have therefore strengthened the role of leasing in rural relations. Moreover, the National Agricultural Support Centre enjoys greater rights when selling agricultural property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, not only before but also after the contract of sale is finalised. The same is true when it comes to the exercise of the pre-emption right to acquire shares in companies owing agricultural property.

IT

L’articolo si propone di determinare l’impatto che i cambiamenti apportati alle regolazioni giuridiche, specie quelli introdotti dalla legge del 14 aprile 2016 sulla sospensione della vendita di beni immobili appartenenti all’Agenzia fondiaria agricola Tesoro di Stato, hanno avuto sulle forme di gestione del suo patrimonio. Si tratta in particolare di determinare quale di queste forme prevalga nonché il contesto giuridico in cui esse funzionano. L’Autrice fa tra l’altro notare un’importanza minore attribuita alla vendita di beni immobili appartenenti all’Agenzia fondiaria agricola Tesoro di Stato rispetto agli anni 2009–2014 nonché un crescente aumento dei terreni agricoli in affitto. Pertanto, la modifica legislativa in esame ha permesso di rafforzare il ruolo che l’affitto stesso assume nei rapporti agricoli. L’Autrice osserva inoltre che il Centro nazionale per il sostegno agricolo gode di maggiori diritti in caso di vendita di immobili agricoli appartenenti all’Agenzia fondiaria agricola Tesoro di Stato, non solo prima, ma anche dopo la conclusione del contratto. Questa istituzione è anche attiva nell’esercitare il diritto di prelazione nel campo dell’acquisto di quote o azioni in società proprietarie degli immobili agricoli.

10

Uwagi na tle projektu ustawy o spółdzielniach rolników

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Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2017

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issue 2 (21)

191-208

EN

This article is a voice in a discussion on the need to adopt and shape specific regula-tions governing farmers' cooperatives. The author presents assumptions which gave rise to the design of the project and then answers the question of whether a separate act on farm-ers' cooperatives is required. Next the author makes a positive evaluation of the legal regu-lations included in the project. There is no doubt that the introduction of a separate concept of farmers' cooperatives and the introduction of legal instruments that facilitate setting up farmers' cooperatives and their functioning are an important factor in the development of cooperatives, and are in line with European trends regarding the development of farmers' cooperatives. However, the draft needs several amendments.

IT

L’articolo è una voce nella discussione sulla necessità di approvare e definire future regolazioni speciali concernenti le cooperative di agricoltori. In primo luogo, l’Autrice presenta presupposti che hanno costituito il fondamento per la redazione del progetto, in seguito risponde alla domanda se una legge speciale sulle cooperative agricole sia necessaria, successivamente effettua una valutazione di regolazioni giuridiche contenute nel progetto. In conclusione, l’Autrice valuta positivamente l’iniziativa volta ad approvare la legge sulle cooperative di agricoltori. Non vi è dubbio che l’introduzione di una nozione separata di cooperativa di agricoltori, come anche di strumenti giuridici che facilitino la costituzione e il funzionamento di tali enti, costituiscono un fattore importante per il loro sviluppo, iscrivendosi nelle tendenze di sviluppo europee.

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Recenzje i noty bibliograficzne - Anna Kapała, Status prawny agroturystyki (studium prawnoporównawcze), Wydawnictwo Prawnicze IURIS sp. z o.o., Poznań 2017, ss. 220

100%

Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2018

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issue 2 (23)

201-204

12

Z aktualnej problematyki zakładania i funkcjonowania grup producentów rolnych

100%

Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2016

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issue 2 (19)

97-116

EN

This article is an attempt to determine to what extent the new legal regulations will in-fluence the creation and functioning of groups of agricultural producers. As has been found, a reliable answer to this question will only be possible after the new solutions have been put in practice for a length of time, which will allow to determine whether the chang-es introduced to the registration, supervision and control of groups of agricultural produc-ers have brought positive results. It is also pointed out that the decision to limit the recipi-ents of EU funding to groups of individuals only is detrimental to those groups of agricultural producers whose members are social cooperatives and agricultural production cooperatives. On the positive side, is the introduction of additional criteria on which basis financial means will be assigned to cooperative groups of agricultural producers.

IT

L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda in quale misura le nuove regolazioni giuridiche riescano a influenzare la costituzione e il funzionamento dei gruppi di produttori agricoli. Nella parte conclusiva l’autrice ha affermato tra l’altro che solo dopo un periodo assai lungo di funzionamento pratico delle nuove soluzioni giuridiche sarà possibile espri-mere un’eventuale valutazione positiva per quanto riguarda i cambiamenti avvenuti per la registrazione, il controllo e la sorveglianza di questi gruppi. Essa ha anche sottolineato che i limiti posti al finanziamento dell’Ue, riservato solo a gruppi di persone fisiche, sono parti-colarmente svantaggiosi nei confronti di quei gruppi di produttori agricoli, i cui membri sono cooperative sociali e cooperative di produzione agricola. A parere dell’autrice devono essere valutati positivamente i criteri ulteriormente introdotti, i quali costituiscono una base per l’assegnazione del finanziamento a gruppi di produttori agricoli da parte del direttore dell’Agenzia per il mercato agricolo.

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SPRAWOZDANIA I INFORMACJE - 7. Göttinger Gespräche zum Agrarrecht „Reichweite und Grenzen des Agrarrechts“, Gedenksymposium für Dr. Wolfgang Winkler (1937–2012) Getynga, 4 listopada 2016 r.

63%

Sokołowski Ł. M., Suchoń A.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2016

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issue 2 (19)

305-307

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Spółdzielnie socjalne prowadzące działalność rolniczą – wybrane problemy prawne

Grupy i organizacje producentów rolnych wobec wyzwań Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej 2014-2020

Wpływ miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego na prawne formy dysponowania nieruchomościami rolnymi

Funkcjonowanie rynku mleka po likwidacji kwotowania – wybrane aspekty prawne

Z prawnej problematyki gruntów rolnych z drzewami i gruntów leśnych jako składników gospodarstwa rolnego

Z aktualnej problematyki dzierżawy nieruchomości rolnych

Z prawnej problematyki umowy kontraktacji w praktyce

Spółdzielnie wobec wyzwań współczesnego rolnictwa w Polsce

Formy zagospodarowania mienia Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa po zmianie przepisów z 2016 roku

Uwagi na tle projektu ustawy o spółdzielniach rolników

Recenzje i noty bibliograficzne - Anna Kapała, Status prawny agroturystyki (studium prawnoporównawcze), Wydawnictwo Prawnicze IURIS sp. z o.o., Poznań 2017, ss. 220

Z aktualnej problematyki zakładania i funkcjonowania grup producentów rolnych

SPRAWOZDANIA I INFORMACJE - 7. Göttinger Gespräche zum Agrarrecht „Reichweite und Grenzen des Agrarrechts“, Gedenksymposium für Dr. Wolfgang Winkler (1937–2012) Getynga, 4 listopada 2016 r.