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Listy polskie króla Zygmunta Augusta do Mikołaja Radziwiłła „Rudego” z lat 1548–1556

100%
Ferenc M.
Prace Historyczne
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2009
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vol. 136
PL
The Letters of the Polish King Sigismund Augustus to Mikolaj Radziwill the “Red-Haired”The correspondence of the last king belonging to the Jagiellon dynasty with the Radziwill family is at present quite well known, chiefly thanks to Irena Kaniewska who published the majority of king Sigismund Augustus’ letters to the Radziwill family (Listy króla Zygmunta Augusta do Radziwiłłów, edition, introduction and commentary by I. Kaniewska, Krakow 1998). However, there are still 30 letters which have not been published. The majority of the unpublished letters are to be found in the Russian National Library in Petersburg, in the collection of autographs of Piotr Dubrowski – F. 971, op. 2, avt. 62. The letters of king Sigismund Augustus to Mikolaj Radziwill, the  “Red-Haired” which are to be found there, constitute the basis of the present publication. Yet one has to bear in mind that it comprises only the correspondence in the Polish language. The letters which were analyzed in the present publication have a different character. The first three, dating back to the year 1548, do not contain any information of particular importance. They are associated in this way or another with the issue of king Sigismund Augustus’ marriage to Barbara Radziwill. The letter of 1553 contains Sigismund Augustus’ request addressed to Mikolaj Radziwill the “Red-haired” for advice concerning the efforts of tsar Ivan IV the Terrible to obtain the royal crown; the latter efforts were undertaken by the tsar in Rome and had won the support of the emperor. Undoubtedly, the most interesting letters are those which were written in the year 1556. They concern the conflict over the Polish Inflanty (Livonia) and the military campaign against it which was being prepared at that time by the Polish king; it was Mikolaj “Rudy” (the Red-haired) who was to be the commanding officer in this campaign. The above letters furnish an answer to the question why no military conflict had taken place then.
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Hofhierarchie in der Zeit der letzten Jagiellonen. Problemaufriss

100%
Ferenc M.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 1
25-39
EN
The greatest hindrance in determining the hierarchy at the court of the last Jagiellons, Sigismund I the Old and his son Sigismund II Augustus, is the lack of any official documents and reliable accounts concerning this problem. Research on this subject can be conducted only on the basis of registers usually associated with sources on taxation, singularly preserved to our own times. Due to the lack of immediate sources, one is left with using multiple and scattered accounts and documents. On their basis, supplemented with a comparison with later periods, it is possible to make an attempt to recreate the hierarchical order at the royal court.
3
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Projekt szkolenia wojskowego szlachty autorstwa Bartłomieja Nowodworskiego

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Ferenc M.
Prace Historyczne
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2011
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vol. 138
PL
Bartłomiej Nowodworski’s project of military training for nobility In modern Polish Republic there appeared a number of projects postulating the creation of a new military training system. Many political writers urged for the need to open a school for knights. One of the most interesting projects for training and maintenance of cadets for the so-called foreign  contingent was designed by Bartłomiej Nowodworski, a famous knight of Malta and courtier of Sigismund III Vasa. Due to its interesting character the project is worth presenting to a wider circle of historians. Initially Nowodworski presented his concept during local gatherings of the nobility. In 1611 he presented his project during Warsaw Sejm. The project was undoubtedly inspired by the long and painstaking siege of Smolensk, in which Nowodwroski took an active part and during which he could see for himself inadequate preparation of Polish military forces for the execution of regular modern siege operations. A copy of Bartłomiej Nowodworski’s project is kept in the National Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Kraków, no. 2255, cat. 277–278Bartłomiej Nowodworski’s project of military training for nobility In modern Polish Republic there appeared a number of projects postulating the creation of a new military training system. Many political writers urged for the need to open a school for knights. One of the most interesting projects for training and maintenance of cadets for the so-called foreign  contingent was designed by Bartłomiej Nowodworski, a famous knight of Malta and courtier of Sigismund III Vasa. Due to its interesting character the project is worth presenting to a wider circle of historians. Initially Nowodworski presented his concept during local gatherings of the nobility. In 1611 he presented his project during Warsaw Sejm. The project was undoubtedly inspired by the long and painstaking siege of Smolensk, in which Nowodwroski took an active part and during which he could see for himself inadequate preparation of Polish military forces for the execution of regular modern siege operations. A copy of Bartłomiej Nowodworski’s project is kept in the National Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Kraków, no. 2255, cat. 277–278
4
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Posłowie koronni na sejmie unii lubelskiej (unie polsko-litewskie w dyskusji sejmowej)

100%
Ferenc M.
Prace Historyczne
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2014
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vol. 141
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issue 2
PL
Crown deputies at the seym of the union of Lublin (polish-lithuanian unions in the parliamentary debate) In the article the author tries to describe and characterize the group of Crown deputies to the Lublin Seym of 1569; initially the group consisted of 95 and then of 113 deputies – after incorporating 18 representatives of the provinces taken away from Lithuania and incorporated into Poland in the course of the Seym session. Following an analysis of the numerous and heated debates devoted to the new shape of the Polish-Lithuanian union, the author comes to the conclusion that the Crown deputies emphasized the continuity of the union, by recalling those legal acts and agreements which supported their strivings to conclude a unitary union. Ultimately, confronted by the course of events and the uncompromising attitude of the Lithuanians, the deputies displayed a certain degree of flexi­bility and the union of Lublin became closer to a federation of states.
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