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1

Primum non nocere. Stanowisko środowiska medycznego wobec problemu aborcji a jego relacje z Kościołem w okresie Wielkiej Nowenny (1956–1966)

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Jarkiewicz K.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 30

398-433

EN

The backward treatment during the Stalinist period in 1956 was set against the need to stop uncontrolled abortions. The liberalization of the abortion law was supposed to solve the swollen social problems with the hands of doctors who had been assigned the duty to perform abortions without limitation. Doctors, who are attached to the ethical standards of the profession, sabotaged the law, demanding to keep in this matter the freedom of decision and the principle of “primum non nocere”. Communist authorities applied repression against the resistance, especially after exacerbation of abortion procedures in 1959. They removed the gynecologists, who were protesting against the dictatorship of administrative decisions, or demanded a change of specialization. The protector of the repressed was the Church, who opposed the secularization of the health service and during the Great Novena, he organized for medics the professional pastoral care integrating their (pilgrimages to Jasna Góra, training of natural methods of conception regulation, lectures on ethical principles). Despite the efforts made by the medical community, the communist authorities have introduced medicalisation of obstetrics and have limited the Church’s influence on hospital care. They removed the nuns from the healthcare system and imposed doctors instead of the medical code on the set of mandatory administrative procedures. The result of the actions taken was the complete subordination of the health service to the ideological goals.

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„W obronie życia nienarodzonych”. Głos Kościoła i środowisk katolickich w debacie okołoaborcyjnej w okresie Wielkiej Nowenny (1956–1966)

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Jarkiewicz K.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2017

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issue 29

137-175

EN

The Church and the Catholic community during the Great Novena (1956–1966) contested the liberal abortion laws introduced by the Communists, arguing that it led to the depopulation of Poland. Formed of pronatalist attitudes based on the experiences of the previous epoch: Catholic parish counseling was developed, spouses were trained on natural family planning methods. Poles were integrated around the Millenium program proclamation of Card. Wyszyński, in which conscience of women through prayer, pilgrimage and preaching. Particular attention has been paid to single mothers and to large families, offering them social and organizational assistance in their parenting. The program of reception of church teaching in the field of marriage and the family was transferred to the forum of the council debate, actively developing the content of the document “Humanae vitae”. In this regard, the effect of the Church and the Catholic community was to strengthen the image of Poland as a country in which it struggled in defense of life and effectively countered the government’s reproductive policy.

3

Pierwsi po Bogu. Papieże w przekazie ikonograficznym obrazka religijnego

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Jarkiewicz K.

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 5

51-73

PL

Utrwalona w przekazie dogmatu o nieomylności papieża pozycja biskupa Rzymu w świecie chrześcijańskim możliwa jest do zobaczenia na obrazku religijnym. Jego ikonografia nie tylko informuje o atrybutach papiestwa, ale również symbolicznie pokazuje władzę i autorytet następcy św. Piotra. Jednak współcześnie w coraz większym stopniu postępuje profanizacja urzędu nauczycielskiego Kościoła, który przejmuje świeckie formy rytuału i odwołuje się w przekazie bardziej do aspektów emocjonalnych niż do dogmatyki wiary. Tym samym głowa Kościoła katolickiego w coraz większym stopniu staje się idolem, a nie prze- wodnikiem religijnym; celebrytą, a nie duchowym autorytetem. Postępuje kreacja nowego wzoru papiestwa: przywództwa jednego z nas, kierownictwa mianowanego, niewybieranego bezterminowo. Stawia to przyszłość obrazków religijnych z watykańskim imprimatur pod znakiem zapytania, gdy ich dewocyjne przeznaczenie i sakralna wymowa ostatecznie zanikną.

EN

Assured by the transmission of the dogma of papal infallibility, the position of the Bishop of Rome in the Christian world is clear to see in religious images. Its iconography not only informs us about the attributes of the papacy, but also symbolically shows the authority of St. Paul and his successor Peter. However, the profaneization of the teaching ofce of the Church, which takes over the secular forms of ritual, is increasingly exacerbated, and refers more to the emotional aspects than the dogmas of the faith. Thus, increasingly the head of the Catholic Church has become an idol, not a religious leader, a celebrity, not a spiritual authority. The creation of a new papacy pattern follows: the leadership of one of us, appointed leadership, not elected without a deadline. This puts the future of religious imagery from the Vatican imprimatur under the question of when their devotional destiny and sacred word will eventually disappear.

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2 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

3 2017

3 Jarkiewicz K.

Primum non nocere. Stanowisko środowiska medycznego wobec problemu aborcji a jego relacje z Kościołem w okresie Wielkiej Nowenny (1956–1966)

„W obronie życia nienarodzonych”. Głos Kościoła i środowisk katolickich w debacie okołoaborcyjnej w okresie Wielkiej Nowenny (1956–1966)

Pierwsi po Bogu. Papieże w przekazie ikonograficznym obrazka religijnego