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1
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Życie literackie Łodzi w czasie I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2012
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vol. 18
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issue 4
67-84
EN
Łódź that has never had significant literary tradition, reached a few interesting debuts of young artists during the dramatic years of the war. Tuwim siblings should be named among them, along with Aleksander Kraśniański and Mieczysław Braun. Multi-ethnicity of Lodz resulted in a diverse view on the ongoing conflict, which found its echo in the work of local writers. In their works we find descriptions of both the drama of everyday life as well as questions about the meaning of the war and the future of the reborn state. Since there was problem with publishing books, the local newspaper publishes gave enormous contribution to the development of local literature by publishing the work of young artists on its pages.
2
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Praca dziennikarska i społeczna Bolesława Busiakiewicza w latach 1916–1918

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Stawiszyńska A.
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
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2014
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vol. 57
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issue 4
749-759
EN
Journalism-related and social undertakings of Bolesław Busiakiewicz in the years 1916–1918Bolesław Busiakiewicz, one of the most popular Łódź radio journalists, had his debut, during the First World War, in the pages of New Łódź Courier (Nowy Kurier Łódzki). In his articles, he touched upon the issues of the cultural and social life of the city. Being a declared music aficionado, he took the positions of chronicler and speaker of the Symphonic Orchestra of Łódź, which had been created in 1915. Right after the end of the war, he left the city. The next years of his life were spent in Poznań and Toruń. Busiakiewicz returned to Łódź in 1939. In 1945, he started cooperation with the local branch of the Polish Radio, where he was responsible, among others, for the significantly popular Music Quizzes.
3
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Brak mydła jako problem dnia codziennego mieszkańców Łodzi w czasie I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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2017
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issue 98
101-116
EN
From the very beginning of the war in the city felt the lack of many essential for life products, including soap. Soon began to appear in counterfeit products and those imported illegally. Despite the high prices, the quality of the product was usually low. The lack of soap was a serious problem for hygienic reasons why many social organizations have tried to assure him to his charges. There were many advices how to replace soap by sand and other substances in the local press. Problems with the provision of soap led the authorities to introduce the rationing and issuing special coupons for soap.
PL
Od początku wojny w mieście odczuwalny był brak wielu dóbr, w tym mydła. Wkrótce pojawiły się w sfałszowane produkty oraz te przywożone nielegalnie. Mimo wysokich cen jakość produktu była zazwyczaj niska. Brak mydła był poważnym problemem ze względów higienicznych, dlatego wiele organizacji społecznych próbowało zapewnić sobie jego zapasy. W prasie lokalnej pojawiało się wiele porad, takich jak np. zastąpić mydło piaskiem i innymi substancjami. Problemy z dostarczaniem mydła skłoniły władze do wprowadzenia racjonowania i wydawania specjalnych kuponów na deficytowy produkt.
4
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Zorganizowane wyjazdy na wieś jako forma pomocy dzieciom łódzkim w latach I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Zeszyty Wiejskie
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2019
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vol. 25
53-68
EN
Horrors of the First World War affected the life of all citizens of Lodz, especially the young ones. Victualing-related problems led to a phenomenon of hunger and numerous strictly connected diseases. Various charity organizations tried to help children from Lodz, for example by organizing countryside excursions for them. The children took part both in a few-week summer stays, as well as in a few-month visits to the countryside. One of the main aims set by the organizers was to improve the overall well-being of children by providing them with proper nutrition. Even though the children staying in the countryside were required to work and help farmers, some positive influence of the aforementioned stays was frequently indicated.
5
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Działalność Związku Młodzieży Polskiej Pochodzenia Żydowskiego „Żagiew” w Łodzi w latach I wojny światowej (1914–1918)

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Stawiszyńska A.
Kultura i Wychowanie
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 2
9-23
EN
For a few years on the grounds of Łódź, the Youth Union of Polish Jewish Origin „Żagiew” was established, bringing together Jewish youth. The organization represented the direction of assimilation. During the Great War, Poland was actively involved in activities related to the Polish cause, such as in the celebration of Polish national anniversaries. Also, „Żagiew”, both during the war and after the war, saw the solution of the Jewish question in an independent Polish state, and thus the members were arguing with Zionist organizations who sought settlement outside of Poland. „Żagwi” organization in Lodz did not have too much influence in the Jewish youth environment.
PL
Przez kilka lat na terenie Łodzi działał Związek Młodzieży Polskiego Pochodzenia Żydowskiego „Żagiew”, skupiający młodzież żydowską. Organizacja reprezentowała kierunek asymilatorski. W czasie Wielkiej Wojny członkowie organizacji aktywnie angażowali się w działania związane z kwestią polską, na przykład w obchody rocznic polskich. „Żagiew”, zarówno w czasie wojny, jak i po jej zakończeniu, widziała rozwiązanie kwestii żydowskiej w niepodległym państwie polskim, a także dyskutowali z organizacjami syjonistycznymi, które dążyły do osiedlenia się mniejszości żydowskiej poza Polską. Organizacja „Żagwi” w Łodzi nie miała jednak zbyt dużego wpływu na żydowskie środowisko młodzieżowe.
6
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Zagonki jako forma pomocy mieszkańcom Łodzi w czasie I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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2013
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issue 90
75-86
EN
One of the biggest problems that Łódź must have coped with during the First World War was the provisional problems and the increased level of hunger among citizens. At the beginning of 1915, the concept of separating small fields that were leased to the poor inhabitants afterwards was formulated. A forementioned fields were mainly used to cultivate potatoes, but carrots, broad beans and peas were also widespread. In later years, the interest in such fields was gradually increasing. The action turned out to be successful, even concerning the educational aspect, because people taking advantage of this type of aid did not receive anything for free and must have worked to gain beneficial resources.
7
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Gospodarcza i społeczna działalność rodziny Horaków do 1945 r.

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Stawiszyńska A.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2009
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issue 06
220-235
EN
Coming from Czech Republic, Horak family settled down in Łódź in 1864, where Joseph Horak put small textile factory. Successive years brought up appreciable development of the business but also the change of actual faith. Entry to the Church of the Christian Baptist had the fundamental influence on further life of the family. After founder’s death, the factory passed under the board of the oldest son Adolph who in 1921 purchased the parcel of land in Ruda Pabianicka where after several years he transferred the whole business. The members of the family got involved in numerous economic and social undertakings. The family manifested special activity in workings for the benefit of Baptists’ Community. Horak status among other things was grounded by the marriages contracted with the members of other well-known families belonging to previously mentioned Church – the Speidel or Mohr. Factory in Ruda Pabianicka was systematically developed and was considered to be one of the most modern businesses in region. The factory was specializing in the production of cotton fabrics. In the first order the factory hired Baptist believers. Factory operated in the years of Nazi occupation what resulted from undertaken co-operation with the invader by considerable part of the family. In 1944 Horaks left to Germany where they started a small textile factory.
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Problemy opałowe Łodzi w latach I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2013
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issue 12
73-86
EN
The outbreak of the Great War disorganized the life of the citizens of Lodz, making a normal existence nearly impossible. One of the biggest problems was the lack of combustible materials. Due to irregular supplies of coal, the people of Lodz were cutting down forests and parks trees located around the city. Occasional transports of combustible materials were transferred to social institutions, such as schools or hospitals at first place. Even though the city authorities provided numerous forms of support, such as peat and coke supplies or timber distribution, the problem was not solved. People were stealing parts of wooden constructions, such as fences and destroyed houses on massive scale. Lack of coal made it impossible to work in many institutions, such as power stations and gasworks.
9
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Konrad Fiedler i jego działalność na rzecz popularyzowania turystyki i krajoznawstwa w Łodzi w latach I wojny światowej

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Stawiszyńska A.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja
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2013
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issue 2(12)
191-199
PL
Konrad Fiedler był jednym z najaktywniejszych działaczy Łódzkiego Oddziału Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego, w którym odpowiadał m.in. za organizowanie wycieczek po podłódzkich miejscowościach. Kolejnym ważnym obszarem jego działalności na rzecz popularyzowania turystyki i krajoznawstwa były liczne odczyty, które wygłaszał dla mieszkańców Łodzi, w tym także dzieci. Fiedler angażował się również w liczne przedsięwzięcia społeczne, głównie na rzecz ubogich mieszkańców Łodzi. W 1921 r. Fiedler wraz z żoną przeniósł się do Bydgoszczy, gdzie mieszkał do tragicznej śmierci we wrześniu 1939 r.
EN
Konrad Fiedler was one of the most active activists from Lodz Branch of the Polish Tourist Association, where he was responsible for organizing trips to the towns and villages in the neighbourhood of Lodz. Another important area of his activities to promote tourism and sightseeing were numerous readings, which he gave to the inhabitants of Lodz, including children. Fiedler was also engaged in numerous social projects, mainly for the poor inhabitants of Lodz. In 1921 Fiedler and his wife moved to Bydgoszcz, where he lived until the tragic death in September 1939.
10
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Łódzka stomatologia w okresie I wojny światowej (1914–1918)

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Stawiszyńska A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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2020
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issue 106
77-87
EN
The issue of care for oral health was undoubtedly not the most important medical agendas during World War I. There is not much information on this subject preserved even from archival materials. The health service in Łódź was much more focused, for example, on the fight against infectious diseases, which is why few people had access to dentists. The dental offices were visited almost exclusively by wealthy people.
PL
Zagadnienie dbałości o zdrowie jamy ustnej niewątpliwie nie należało do najważniejszych programów medycznych w czasie pierwszej wojny światowej. Niewiele zachowało się na ten temat informacji nawet w materiałach archiwalnych. Służba zdrowia w Łodzi była dużo bardziej nastawiona np. na walkę z chorobami zakaźnymi, dlatego niewielu ludzi miało dostęp do dentystów. Gabinety odwiedzały prawie wyłącznie osoby zamożne.
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