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Iran on the Crossroads

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PL
In recent years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been facing several important challenges to its security. Advanced nuclear programme, which is a source of conflict with Western powers, and rapid regional developments (Iraq, Egypt, Afghanistan and mainly Syria) have put that state into a very fragile or even dangerous position. International economic isolation (US, European and the United Nations’ sanctions lately) brought Iran to the edge of economic surveillance. Deep, structural economic crisis that was worsened by international sanctions is devastating the daily life of the Iranians and may serve as a good pretext for social unrests. Tehran has limited its room for manoeuvre with regard to the sanctions and it urgently needs to implement radical changes into its economy. On the political level, the election of new president – Hassan Rouhani ended the conflict between the main political figures and groups in Iran, but the status quo is still very fragile and in the near future we may expect new developments inside the Iranian decision-making centre.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763
EN
The Persian Gulf region is one of the most important areas in current global security system. Vast energy resources located in the region are essential for world’s economic stability and development, which also brought constant foreign penetration of the Persian Gulf system.The Gulf Cooperation Council has been established in 1981 and since then it plays an important role as one of the regional security mechanisms. In the article the reasons behind organization’s formations are described, as well as an evolution of the integration processes is shown in historical perspective. Also, the socio-economic and military positions of the GCC members are analyzed and the main challenges faced by the organization are pointed out. The GCC still serves as coordination agenda rather than strict integration organization but in the last years we may notice growing efforts to strengthen the GCC’s mechanisms.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
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Obecność NATO w regionie Zatoki Perskiej

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EN
Persian Gulf is a very important geopolitical region in the world today. Its strategic location, enormous energy resources, social and political instability of the countries in the region and a continual multidimensional penetration by world superpowers constitute its geostrategic character. The article aims to analyze the increasing NATO’s involvement in the region of Persian Gulf. Another essential research issue is the evolution of NATO’s role in the world today and the real roles the Pact would like to play in the analyzed area.
EN
Energy security is currently one of the vital components of state security. Stable and secure access to energy and energy resources determines the international position of a state as well as its development and internal security. This paper focuses on factors of Poland’s energy security, especially on possibilities for nuclear power usage. The paper concentrates on the legal and social aspects of nuclear energy development in Poland.
PL
Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne jest obecnie jednym z podstawowych elementów szeroko rozumianego bezpieczeństwa państwa. Stały i bezpieczny dostęp do energii oraz do surowców energetycznych warunkuje pozycję państwa na arenie międzynarodowej, ale przede wszystkim jego rozwój i bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne. W tym kontekście, artykuł koncentruje się na uwarunkowaniach bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski, a w szczególności na możliwościach wykorzystania energii jądrowej. Analizie poddano głównie aspekt prawny i społeczny perspektyw rozwoju energetyki jądrowej w Polsce.
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