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Nauka a państwo policyjne. Austria przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku w oczach francuskich przyrodników

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Echa Przeszłości
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2013
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vol. 14
61-66
EN
This article analyzes the work of French naturalists. Censorship and police crackdowns in Austria have been studied extensively by historians, but the discussed historiographical sources remain largely unexplored. French publications dealing with censorship, including a list of banned journals published by Magasin encyclopédique, statistical data about international publications from Le journal des arts, des sciences et de la littérature and Marcel de Serres’ treatise on the effects of censorship, will be discussed. It is important to note that Marcel de Serres (1783–1862) was a naturalist from Montpellier and a high-ranking official of Napoleonic administration in Austria. Ami Boué (1794–1881), geologist and president of the French Society of Geology, wrote about self-censorship, the ban on publishing scientific works overseas and the penalization of scientists who were forced to violate the absurd laws imposed by the system. This paper also discusses the unequal treatment of common prisoners and political prisoners in France. Political prisoners were unable to appeal against their arbitrary arrest. This issue is explored on the example of Balthasar Hacquet (1739–1815), a famous geologist and botanist who was arrested in a Schemnitz tavern for discussing French politics. The article also analyzes the unpublished letters exchanged between Philippe Picot de Lapeyrouse, (1744–1818) and Ignaz von Born (1742–1791), which are kept in the National Museum of Natural History. In his letters, Born explained that stringent Austrian laws had prevented him from sending models of mining machines, fossils or minerals to France. Police restrictions on visits to Wieliczka mines will also be discussed. French naturalists concluded that the Austrian police state significantly thwarted scientific progress.
2
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Polacy odwiedzający gabinet historii naturalnej Jeana Hermanna (1738–1800) w Strasburgu

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Echa Przeszłości
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2012
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vol. 13
133-142
EN
In the 18th century, cabinets of natural history played the role of museums and scientific centers for educating naturalists. French cabinets of curiosities were most highly reputed in Europe. The cabinet established by Jean Hermann played a particularly important role in the history of science. The Strasbourg collection was visited by numerous guests, many of them from Poland. The article overviews Jean Hermann’s achievements and analyzes the cabinet’s guest books in the context of Polish history, its scientific and political elites. Source materials suggest that Strasbourg was an important scientific center for Poland at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Jean Hermann, an outstanding naturalist of Alsace, significantly contributed to scientific advancement in Poland. Hermann’s cabinet was frequently visited by members of Polish political and social elites, including the nobility, clergy and military officers.
3
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Książki gdańskich przyrodników w zbiorach rękopisów Biblioteki Głównej Narodowego Muzeum Historii Naturalnej (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle)

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
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2017
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vol. Polonika w zbiorach obcych, tom specjalny
403-412
EN
The naturalist school in Gdańsk played a major role in the development of natural history and the foundations of modern biology. The Cabinet of the King of France, then the National Museum of Natural History, was one of the most important scientific centers in Europe. The numerous traces of the collaboration of the naturalists of Gdańsk with the center of Paris persist in the collections of the MNHN. The naturalists of Gdańsk played an important role in the redaction of Histoire Naturelle... published by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon (1707-1788). The central library of the MNHN has books writed by Adrian Pauli, Nicolaus Ölhafen, Georg Segerus, Ernst Gottfried Heyse, Johann Adam Kulmus, Christian Mentzel, Christoph Gottwald, Georg Andreas Helwing, Johannes Philippius and Jacob Breyne, Jacobus Theodorus Klein, Michael Christoph Hanovius, Gottfried Reyger, Johann Daniel Titius, Johann Reinhold and Georg Forster. 90 books as well as numerous manuscripts, including the correspondence of Georg Forster, allow for a partial reconstruction of the history of the scientific relation between Gdańsk Natural History school with the Cabinet of the French King and the MNHN.
PL
W XVII i XVIII w. gdańska szkoła przyrodnicza odgrywała ważną rolę w rozwoju historii naturalnej i położeniu podwalin pod nowoczesną biologię. W tym okresie gabinet przyrodniczy króla Francji, a następnie Narodowe Muzeum Historii Naturalnej (MNHN) stanowił jedno z najważniejszych centrów naukowych Europy. Liczne ślady współpracy gdańskich przyrodników z tą instytucją przetrwały w muzealnej kolekcji. Odegrali oni znaczącą rolę w powstaniu Histoire Naturelle…, pierwszej nowoczesnej encyklopedii przyrodniczej, zredagowanej przez Georges’a-Louisa Leclerca Buffona (1701-1788). Biblioteka Główna MNHN posiada w swoich zbiorach książki Adriana Pauliego, Nicolausa Ölhafena, Georga Segerusa, Ernsta Gottfrieda Heysego, Johanna Adama Kulmusa, Christiana Mentzla, Christophora Gottwalda, Georga Andreasa Helwinga, Joahannesa Philippusiusa i Jacoba Breyniusów, Jacobusa Theodorusa Kleina, Michaela Christopha Hanoviusa, Gottfrieda Reyegera, Johanna Daniela Titiusa, Johanna Reinholda i Georga Forsterów. 90 książek gdańskich przyrodników, a także rękopisy i korespondencja m.in. G. Forstera pozwalają na częściowe odtworzenie historii współpracy gdańszczan z Gabinetem Historii Naturalnej króla Francji i MNHN.
4
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The Forgotten Trade of European Pond Turtle Emys orbicularis in Central Europe in the 18th and 19th Centuries – An Essential Introduction to Historical and Economic Investigation

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
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2018
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vol. 36
99-103
EN
A drastic decrease in the European pond turtle population occurred at the end of 18th century and during the first half of 19th century. The exploitation of this species, as a source of food and drug substances, is nowadays almost forgotten. The present paper aimed at, firstly, underlining some historical sources concerning the exploitation of the European pond turtle. Secondly, its goal is to answer the following question: to what extent did the exploitation of the species contribute to the decline of the population? The author concludes with the importance and necessity of historical and economic analysis in order to understand the phenomenon of the decline of the European pond turtle population. This research, which must be continued by historians, will help the naturalists in action to protect and reintroduce the species into its former geographical range.
5
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Jean-Marca Drouina spojrzenie na związki filozofii z botaniką

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2014
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vol. 23
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issue 1(44)
202-205
6
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Napoleon, Białowieża Forest and the Last Bison from Transylvania

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Samojlik T.
Echa Przeszłości
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2014
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vol. 15
67-73
7
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Poszukiwanie egzemplarzy Anatome testudinis europaeae w europejskich i amerykańskich bibliotekach

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Edel P.
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
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2016
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issue 10
119-130
EN
For several years now, Cercle d’Histoire Alsace-Lithuania has been carrying out an action aimed at complementing and popularizing knowledge about Ludwik Henryk Bojanus (1776-1827), an Alsatian naturalist and profesor at the University of Vilnius. The search for copies of Anatome testudinis europae, the work of Bojanus’ life and one of the most important zoological books of the nineteenth century in European and American libraries is one of the elements of this action. A detailed form will be sent to libraries in 2019. The authors have already obtained information on the copies in libraries in Paris, Strasbourg, Montpellier, Warsaw and Vilnius and also about a copy with coloured illustrations from a private collection in Germany.
PL
Towarzystwo Cercle d’Histoire Alsace-Lituanie od kilku lat prowadzi akcję uzupełniania i popularyzacji wiedzy o Ludwiku Henryku Bojanusie (1776-1827), alzackim przyrodniku i profesorze Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego. Jednym z elementów tej akcji jest poszukiwanie w europejskich i amerykańskich bibliotekach egzemplarzy Anatome testudinis europaeae, opus vitae L.H. Bojanusa, a zarazem jednej z najważniejszych zoologicznych książek XIX w. W 2017 r. zostanie rozesłana do bibliotek ankieta. Autorzy uzyskali już informacje na temat egzemplarzy w bibliotekach w Paryżu, Strasburgu, Montpellier, Warszawie i Wilnie, a także egzemplarza z kolorowymi ilustracjami znajdującego się w zbiorach prywatnych w Niemczech.
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