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PL
Paweł Kowal, Koniec systemu władzy. Polityka ekipy gen. Wojciecha Jaruzelskiego w latach 1986-1989 (M. Kosman)
PL
Paweł Wieczorkiewicz, Justyna Błażejewska, Przez Polskę Ludową na przełaj i na przekór (M. Kosman)
EN
Book Reviews: GENERAŁ. Wojciech Jaruzelski w rozmowie z Janem Osieckim, Wyd. Pruszyński i S-ka, Warszawa 2014, ss. 655
PL
Recenzja książki: GENERAŁ. Wojciech Jaruzelski w rozmowie z Janem Osieckim, Wyd. Pruszyński i S-ka, Warszawa 2014, ss. 655
EN
The road of Margaret Thatcher (born in 1925) to her political career and winning the tell- ing nickname of the ‘Iron Lady’ has commonly been described as exceptional in the recent history of the Old Continent. The first woman to head a great European democracy, she served as Prime Minister three times, winning general elections and heading the government of Great Britain for eleven years (1979-1990). This was a record-breaking result in the history of the UK, which she managed, surrounded by a team of consummate coworkers whom she clearly dominated. Thatcher is included in a small circle of the most outstanding statespeople in her country, in particular compared to Winston Churchill. Despite not having aristocratic origins, she won the highest office in the government of Her Majesty Elizabeth II thanks to her talent, diligent work, ambition, and experience gath- ered in the positions she successively held. Her career in the Conservative Party lasted many years. Her vision of transformations in the political system of the state was based on her own experience and the advice of devoted workers, who she selected using her intuition. Her hus- band, Denis Thatcher, played an important role by her side, yet he always remained in the background, providing support and playing the role of a reasonable private advisor. The author emphasizes the high political culture of Margaret Thatcher and her circle, and he also underlines Polish elements in her policy. He pays a lot of attention to her excellent memoires as a source for politological studies, and to a review of the latest movie about the ‘Iron Lady’.
PL
Stanisław Sławomir Nicieja, Kresowa Atlantyda. Historia i mitologia miast kresowych, t. X: Złoczów, Zadwórze, Kozaki, Gańczary, Łanowce, Zasmyki
PL
Paweł Wieczorkiewicz, Justyna Błażejewska, Przez Polskę Ludową na przełaj i na przekór, Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka. Poznań 2011, ss. 622.
PL
Paweł Kowal, Koniec systemu władzy. Polityka ekipy gen. Wojciecha Jaruzelskiego w latach 1986–1989, Wyd. Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Wydawnictwo Trio, Warszawa 2012, ss. 524.
EN
The Polish state within the span of over a thousand years of history changed its borders several times, although it is conventionally accepted that its ethnic territory stretches from the river Odra in the west to the Bug in the east, and from the Baltic Sea in the north to the mountain ranges in the south. The article deals with the subject of the shaping of national identity of the knighthood in the Middle Ages and then its subsequent transformations during Poland’s partition, the emergence of ethnic minorities (especially Germans and Jews) and the attitude of the local population to them in the pre-partition period. The discussed phenomena include xenophobia and xenophilia, the Polonization of foreigners and their impact on Polish culture during the partition of Poland. In the interwar period a new concept of minorities was created with regard to Ukrainians, Belorussians and Lithuanians inhabiting their ethnic territories which had been incorporated into the Polish state. Politics determined new borders after the end of World War II, which resulted in yet another “migration of peoples” this time from the east to the west and the ensuing assimilation processes.
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RU
Статья, состоящая из двух частей, посвящена картине польско-российских отношений в новейшей историографии. В первой части автор обсуждает научные труды польских исследователей, касающиеся военных походов Речи Посполитой на Москву (т.наз. „Димитриады”) в начале XVII века, которые оставили в русской исторической памяти прочный отрицательный след, равно как и нападения восточного соседа на польские земли в XVIII и XIX вв., особенно во время разделов. Вторая часть, намного обширнее первой, включает анализ основательного труда под ред. А. Ротфельда и А. Торкунова под заглавием Белые пятна − черные пятна. Сложные вопросы в российско-польских отношениях (1918–2008), Варшава 2010, с. 907. Данная книга состоит из 16 глав, в каждую из которых входят две статьи, посвященные одной и той же проблеме, автором одной является польский исследователь, второй − русский. Статьи касаются межвоенного периода, Второй мировой войны и периода после 1945 г., между прочим, катынской трагедии, Польского Октября 1956 г., а также военного положения. Автор с особой внимательностью относится к вопросам, всегда вызывающим споры, и приходит к выводу, что ценный труд вносит огромный вклад в очищение от лжи тем, обходимых молчанием или засоренных пропагандой. Обращает внимание на объективизм российских авторов при подходе к польским делам и глубокое понимание этой проблематики. Показывает это прежде всего на примере их отношения к событиям, происшедшим в Польше в 1980–1981 гг. Обсуждаемый труд был опубликован одновременно в двух языковых вариантах − на польском и на русском языках.
EN
Topic of the article, which consists of two parts, is the picture of Polish-Russian relations in the latest historiography. In the first part, the author discusses the works of Polish scholars concerning the war expeditions of the Republic of Poland to Moscow (the so-called “Dymitriady”) at the beginning of the 17th century, which left in Russian historical memory permanent negative traces, as well as the invasions of the Eastern neighbor on the Polish lands in the 18th and 19th centuries, especially in times of partitions. The second part, a much more extensive, contains an analysis of the fundamental work by Adam Rotfeld and Anatolij Torkunow under the title Białe plamy – czarne plamy. Sprawy trudne w relacjach polsko-rosyjskich (1918–2008) [White patches – black spots. The difficult cases in Polish-Russian relations (1918–2008)], Warsaw 2010, p. 907. It is composed of 16 chapters, each of which contains two articles on the same subject, one by Polish researcher, the second is Russian. They cover the interwar period, World War II and the time after 1945, among others, the Katyn massacre, the Polish October of 1956 and martial law. The author particularly carefully treats issues causing controversy and comes to the conclusion that this valuable work is a huge contribution to the description of topics overlooked, ignored or deformed by propaganda. Draws attention to the objectivity of Russian authors to Polish affaires and a deep understanding of those matters. It can be showed mainly on the example of their relation to the events in Poland in the years 1980–1981. The work was published simultaneously in two languages-Russian and Polish.
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EN
The 18th day of June 2010 marked the twentieth anniversary of the Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek (WAM) publishing house. It was celebrated with a concert, entitled 20 years have passed, attended by numerous eminent guests from the world of politics, academia and culture who filled the theater to the brim. In the foyer they could see an exhibition of photographs illustrating the rich history of the publishing house. I use the term ‘publishing house’ as the company fully deserves this name, which is associated with the noblest traditions of Polish editorial work. Owing to Adam Marszałek, Toruń has grown to assume the leading position in this respect, leaving in its wake both companies of long standing tradition as well as those that have emerged over the last two decades, only a handful of which have survived till the present day.
RU
Работа посвящена исследованиям пограничных территорий (называемых Кресами) в юго-восточной части польского государства в межвоенный период (1918 − 1939), которые были утрачены в пользу Советского Союза после 1945 г. Первоначально по политическим причинам цензура не позволяла публиковать работ по этой теме, особенно до 1956 г. („октябрьский переворот” после ликвидации сталинизма) и полностью до восстановления полного суверенитета в 1989 г. К числу ведущих исследователей и одновременно талантливых писателей, занимающихся такой проблематикой, принадлежит историк из г. Ополе Станислав Славомир Ничея (1948 г.р.), автор фундаментальных работ в области истории польского некрополя в утраченном Польшей Львове (Лычаковское кладбище). Исследователь связан с Опольским университетом, где четвертый срок исполняет обязанности ректора. В Опольской области поселились многие жители Кресов до 1945 г., чьи воспоминания и материалы значительно обогатили основной материал книг Ст. Ничеи. В статье в шести частях поочередно обсуждаются судьбы этих людей, научная биография исследователя, а также его самые важные работы, касающиеся пограничных местностей и уничтожения многовековой культуры. Среди научных трудов ведущее место занимает запланированный на 30 томов (до сих пор было издано 6 томов) цикл, посвященный временам великолепия и уничтожения их жителей. Автор озаглавил цикл Кресовая Атлантида (Kresowa Atlantyda), обращаясь к уничтожению в древние времена легендарного греческого острова-государства. Воспроизводит это польский Львов, Станиславов и несколько десятков других мест, запечатленных в национальной истории.
EN
The theme of the dissertation is the research on the territories of the borderland (called Kresy) in the South-East of the Polish State in the interwar period (1918– 1939), that have been lost to the Soviet Union after 1945. Initially for political reasons prevented censorship publication on this topic, so it was especially to 1956 (untill October and liquidation of Stalinism) and completely aftergaining full sovereignty in 1989. The leading researchers and talented writers in this field is a historian from Opole Stanisław Sławomir Nicieja (born 1948), author of fundamental works on historical Polish cemeteries in lost Polish Lviv (cemetery on Łyczaków). Explorer is associated with the University of Opole, where was for four tenures a Rector. On Upper Silesia settled many of the inhabitants of the borderlands prior to 1945, whose memories and materials much enriched the material basis for the books of Nicieja. Article discusses in six sections their fortunes in a new homeland, the profile of a scientific investigator, and his most important works on the borderland villages and destruction of celturies-old culture. In this output leading position occupies today the anticipated for 30 volumes (not yet released 6) series, devoted the times of splendor and destruction their inhabitants. He geve it the title Kresowa Atlantyda, referring to the destruction of the legendary city in ancient times. It evokes Polish Lviv, Stanisławów and dozens of other towns durable stored in national history.
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