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The paper debates the interpretation of the etymology of Polish lipa ‘something untrue’ given by A. Bańkowski in his Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego ‘Etymological dictionary of Polish’. Based on Russian and Polish lexicographical data, the author describes the rise of the Russian noun липа as a derivative from the older adjective липовый ‘false, counterfeit’ in the thieves’ slang of the 19th century, and subsequently its path into colloquial Russian. The word lipa was borrowed into Polish in the second half of the 19th century in the meaning ‘fake passport, document’, also ‘something counterfeit’. It first appeared in the slang of Polish thieves, then penetrated into the dialect of Warsaw, and eventually into colloquial Polish where it is used as a polysemous word, and became the base for the also polysemous derivative adjective lipny.
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The Józef Mianowski Fund was a private institution that had systematically supported Polish scholars and their research since , in the period when a Polish state did not exist. In , it announced a questionnaire to determine, in the new political situation, the state and needs of various scientic disciplines studied in Poland and by Polish scholars in Europe. Collected from the answers of scholars representing various disciplines, the results were meant to help direct the actions of the Fund in the country reborn aer a period of partition. The paper presents the views of linguists Jan Rozwadowski, Kazimierz Nitsch, Stanisław Szober, and Aleksander Brückner, on the state of Polish linguistics of the time, and their proposals for research projects, needs in the area of scientic literature, organizational actions, and education of linguists and popularization of linguistics. Their articles show a realistic evaluation of the state of Polish linguistic science, and very clearly specied plans aimed at raising Polish linguistics to the European level.
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Powstanie Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego

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In 1924, Andrzej Gawroński, a professor at the John Casimir University, a linguist, and an Indian philologist, postulated the creation of a scientific society for linguistics. The project was accepted by the then few circles of Polish linguists, and steps have been taken toward its realization. On 31st May 1925, the founding meeting was held in Lviv and formally brought to life the Polish Linguistic Society. Based on the vestigial extant sources, this paper presents, to what degree it is possible, this episode in the history of Polish linguistics.
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Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego (‘Society of Friends of the Polish Language’) is the oldest such society and greatly distinguished for the popularization of knowledge about the language, and also for the knowledge about Polish itself. The few publications devoted to it, written mostly on the occasion of anniversaries, tend to overlook the figure of Andrzej Gawroński (1885–1927), an outstanding expert in Sanskrit, a linguist, and a professor of the Lviv University, despite the fact that archive materials show that he played a very significant role in the creation of the Society, and even penned the preliminary version of its charter. This paper presents Gawroński’s part in the forming of TMJP; it is based on extant letters from A. Gawroński to Kazimierz Nitsch from years 1919–1921 (Archive of Science of PAN and PAU in Cracow), letters from K. Nitsch to linguists Henryk Ułaszyn and Antonina Obrębska-Jabłońska, and also on the few printed materials from years 1918–1927.
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