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Warunki przyrodnicze rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej w ВОР (stan i przemiany w pierwszym etapie industriаIizacji)

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Gładysz R., Zakład Gospodarki Przestrzennej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1989
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vol. 96
EN
The area of the Bełchatów Industrial Region is characterized by relatively not very favour able agroecological conditions for intensive agricultural production. Restrictive elements include small amounts of precipitation, especially in the period of intensive crops growth, and too big shares of poor soils in classes V and VI (c a, 55%). On the other hand, thermic conditions and land configuration are favorable for agriculture. In the spatial lay-out, Piotrkow Trybunalski, and rural administrative communes of Grabica and Wola Krzysztoporska have the most favourable index of agricultural usefulness, while administrative comnunes of Kluki, Gomunice and Szczerców - the least favourable one. The investment project under construction causes visible transformations in the natural environment. Agricultural areas tend to shrink. Till the end of 1982, the brown coal mine absorbed an area of 3,076 ha of land (including 1,345 ha of arable land) and the power plant - 690 ha (mainly forests). New forms appear in the landscape, i.e. external dumping ground from the mine an ditch giving access to brown coaI deposits. In 1982, relative height of the dumping ground reached 113 m and depth of the ditch - 140 m. Mine drainage led to the lower ing of the underground waters level. A depression crater reached about 320 km in 1982. Withints coverage, a majority of shallow farm wells and small strearns went dry. In order to supply farms wi h water there is being expanded a network of rural water supply system. Its length amounted to 1,011 km in 1982. Drainage of underground waters causes changes in the soil environment. At the present initial investment stage, this phenomenon can be observed only on organic soils, mainly peat soils in regions where they can be found on permeable formations. Saturation humidity of surface layers of these soils has decreased significantly, which when accompanied by lack of possibilities of irrigation makes them useless as grass land. It cannot be ruled out that along with passage of time the process of degradation will encompass also other arable lands.
2
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Zmiany form rolniczego użytkowania ziemi w ВОР w pierwszym etapie uprzemysłowienia

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Niepsuj A., Zakład Gospodarki Przestrzennej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1989
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vol. 96
EN
As the area of the future Bełchatów Industrial Region there has been accepted in this article a region encompassing the town of Bełchatów and 16 rural administrative communes in the southern part of the Piotrkow Administrative Province with a total area of 166,400 hectares. The years 1973-1981 were for this hitherto typically agricultural region a period of dynamic transformations accompanying construction of a huge power complex. During this period, a total of 6,200 ha of arable land and 800 ha of forests wet e removed from cultivation, with a much bigger drop in agricultural lands recorded in the nonsocialized sector being dominant on this area. There was also observed out flow of a big number of people, mainly young people, from agriculture. Many farms without successors were taken over by the state in exchange for retiremeng benefits. Apperance of a depression crater and changes in water conditions in soils led to changes in total area and previous structure of agricultura l lands. This concerned mainly permanent grasslands most sensitive to changes in water conditions. The scale of changes is not verv big as yet. It is dependent upon local environmental conditions and distance from the industrial centre. The biggest changes in land use forms occured in rural administrative comnunes of Kleszczów, Kamieńsk and Kluki, as well as in the town and commune of Bełchatów, and especially in villages situated between the town of Bełchatów and the area of the open pit mine and the power station. It is an effect of cumulated influence of a depression crater this area and of expanding urban market of Bełchatów exerting an increasingly stronger influence (fig. 1).
3
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Przemiany struktury agrarnej w centralnch gminach ВОР w latach 1970- 1982

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Joachimiak N., Zakład Gospodarki Przestrzennej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1989
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vol. 96
EN
Transformations in the agrerian structure in the central administrative corrmunes of the Bełchatów Industrial Region have been analyzed on the basis of farms mobility (creation of new farms and liquidation of certain already existing farms) and changes in theiг area. A characteristic feature of these transformations is gradual shrinking of the area occupied by peasand farms in favour of the socialized sector, with land transfer taking place mainly through the State Land Fund. The farms mobility observet in the Bełchatów Industrial Region in the years 1970-1982 resulted in changes in the number of private agricultural farms. These changes were most pronounced in villages located in close vicinity of the Fuel-Power Combine, whith smaller changes were recorded on the out skirts of the area under study. Simultaneously, there was taking place a distinct polarization of farms in their extremal area size groups. There was growing very dynamically the number of small farms (up to 2 ha) treated rather as gardening plots and the number of farms above 7 ha in area. This process was reflecting professional polaryzation of their owners into workers and farmers.
4
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Zmiany pogłowia zwierząt gospodarskich w BOP we wstępnej fazie industrializacji

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Bernacka-Baranowa J., Zakład Gospodarki Przestrzennej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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1989
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vol. 96
EN
The article contains a comparative analysis of the level and structure of livestock in the Bełchatów Industrial Region in the years 1970 and 1982. The object of analysis are particular kinds of animals: cattle, hogs, sheep, horses and total number of animals countend according to te number of big animals in the private agricultural sector. The analysis has been performed in a spatial approach, j.e. according to rural administrative corrmunes for the entire analyzed area and according to rural units in the central zone of the Bełchatów Industrial Region. Changes in the number of particular kinds of livestock have been correlated with corresponding changes in factors exerting their influence on anirnal production such as: fodder potential, labour resources, pricing system, equipment of farms with tractive force. The performed analysis has revealed that trends of changes in particular kinds of animals in their spatial lay-out are characterized by a considerable differentiation of the hinter land of the fuel-power combine encompassing the area of rural communes of Kleszczów, Kamieńsk and Kluki, which re cord growing extensiveness of agricultural production. It has found its reflection, first of all, in decreased total number of livestock accompanied by an increase in sheep breeding and in the shrinking of livestock production in favour increased crops production. On the other hand, the area adjoining the town ot Bełchatów and the external zone of the Bełchatów Industrial Region are characterized by growing intensification of agricultural production.
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