Search results

1

Grób kultury wielbarskiej z cmentarzyska z wczesnej epoki żelaza w Tynwałdzie na Pojezierzu Iławskim

100%

Żórawska A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2006

|

vol. LVIII

|

issue 58

201-2007

EN

The region around Lake Tynwałd is one of the best investigated archaeologically in the Iława Lake District. This is mainly thanks to lively activity in 1930ies of Waldemar Heym, head of the Heimatmuseum in Marienwerder (now, Kwidzyn) and Alfred Ruppelt – schoolteacher at Tillwalde, Kr. Rosenberg (now, Tynwałd), subsequently head of the Heimatmuseum in Marienburg (now, Malbork). An outstanding concentration of Early Iron Age sites east of Lake Tynwałd, on a small elevation known as Mittelwald, included the largest flat cemetery of Westbalt Barrow Culture as yet recorded, numbering no less than 109 features (Tynwałd, distr. Iława, woj. warmińsko-mazurskie, site XXVII), situated on the southern and south-western slope of the elevation. The material from the site was analysed and interpreted by A. Łuka basing on surviving pre-1945 documentation. A deposit of special interest at the cemetery at Tynwałd is grave labelled ‘no. 102’; not published in full the assemblage gave rise to some confusion in its identification and culture attribution. The grave had the form of an urn deposited in natural sand; the urn, type XVIIIB was covered by a bowl, type XaA in the classification system of R. Wołągiewicz. Grave goods consisted of a bronze bucket-shaped pendant fashioned from horizontally profiled sheet foil (Fig. 1), type HI in I. Beilke-Voigt’s classification (at present in the Museum in Kwidzyn). The vessel forms and the pendant classify the assemblage unmistakably as Wielbark Culture of the Late Roman Period; this overthrows earlier culture attribution and dating of the feature to Westbalt Barrow Culture of the Late Pre-Roman Period or the beginning of AD 1st century. At the same time archaeologists lose their main argument in favour of survival of Westbalt settlement in the Iława Lake District until AD 1st century, a hypothesis largely based on the cited incorrect dating and culture attribution of ‘grave no. 102’ at Tynwałd. Equally interesting is the geographic context of the grave. It is the only Roman Period site recorded in this part of the micro-region of Lake Tynwałd. Zones of ‘Early Iron Age’ and ‘Roman Period’ settlement visibly do not overlap ie, Westbalt settlement clusters east of Lake Tynwałd, Wielbark settlement – south and west of the lake. Given the thoroughness of investigation of the Mittelwald it is highly unlikely that a larger gravefield of the Wielbark Culture should have escaped detection. It is a perplexing question why ‘grave no. 102’, with its Wielbark inventory, was deposited in an older, ‘strange’ burial ground rather than in one of the gravefields of the Wielbark Culture then in use in the region. Answering this question calls for some strenuous mental exercise and a separate discussion with little hope for much assistance from archaeological evidence at present available.

2

Dwa nieznane cmentarzyska kultury Łużyckiej z Ziemi Dobrzyńskiej

100%

Żórawska A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2003

|

vol. LVI

|

issue 56

103-110

EN

The Museum in Kwidzyn has in its keeping material from two Lusatian culture cemeteries studied by Waldemar Heym – for many years head of the Heimatmuseum Marienwerder: Rybitwy, comm. Bobrowniki, distr. Lipno and Sitno, comm. Zbójno, distr. Golub-Dobrzyń (former Sittenfeld, Kr. Leipe), both in woj. kujawsko-pomorskie (Fig. 1). Neither of these sites was ever published. The cemetery at Rybitwy, investigated in 1940, figures in the inventory book of the Heimatmuseum Marienwerder under no. 3260 as Rybitwy, Kr. Lipno, Gräberfeld d. Lausitzer. The study of evidence from Rybitwy prepared by W. Heym pending publication in the successive annual issue of Gothiskandza was lost during the war. All that remains from pre-war research are nine vessels labelled “Rybitwy”, now in the collection of the Kwidzyn Museum. As for the cemetery at Sitno, apart from five vessels from that site no information about the cemetery is found in archival records of W. Heym surviving in the Museum. Pottery from Rybitwy and Sitno represents forms typical for Bronze Age period IV and V. Of special interest are two vase-shaped vessels with a broad rim from Rybitwy (Fig. 2:2.3). The only questionable piece is a miniature vessel from the same site showing traces of burning (Fig. 3:2) – a form wholly foreign in Lusatian Culture, but a distinctive form in Wielbark culture of the Late Roman period. Apparently, the piece in question was assigned to material from Rybitwy by accident. Both sites are situated in the Lipno region of Lusatian Culture distinguished by J. Dąbrowski (1997, p. 93, 97, map 3), as yet poorly understood. Settlement in this area evades classification to any of the neighbouring groups of Lusatian culture (ie Kulmerland, Northern Masovia, Eastern Great Poland). Postulated strong links with the latter group are not substantiated by material presented in the present article; rather, they suggest convergence with the Northern Mazovian and possibly, the Kulmerland group; nevertheless, it should be remembered that the surviving artefacts form a mere fraction of evidence recovered at the two burial grounds.

3

Ocalałe i niepublikowane materiały z badań Waldemara Heyma w Bystrzcu, powiat kwidzyński (Weißhof, Kr. Marienwerder)

100%

Żórawska A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2003

|

vol. LVI

|

issue 56

229-281

EN

The archive of the Museum in Kwidzyn houses documentation from research carried out by Waldemar Heym, for many decades head of the Heimatmuseum Marienwerder (Regional Museum in Kwidzyn), at Bystrzec, comm. and distr. Kwidzyn, pomorskie voivodship (Weißhof, Kr. Marienwerder). Between late 1920s and 30s Heym partly investigated a Roman period settlement and a multiple culture cemetery from a period spanning Early Iron and Late Roman age. The research results were published in fragmentary and random fashion (W. Heym 1929; 1935; 1939; 1959-61; cf also K. Przewoźna 1972, p. 209–210). The W. Heym file in keeping of the Kwidzyn Museum contains drawings of a number of unpublished assemblages from both sites as well as drawings of finds forming part of a number of published assemblages, for an unknown reason not included in the publications. The cemetery at Bystrzec (German inventory number 2884) was discovered and investigated in 1938. Of nearly 500 excavated graves the majority were burials associated with Oksywie culture; a much smaller number, with the earliest Pomeranian and the later Wielbark culture. The site also produced traces of Neolithic occupation and several early medieval graves. W. Heym published much of the excavated material from the cemetery shortly after the war (1959-61) on the basis of notes available to him after he left the region. Archival records preserved in the Museum in Kwidzyn contain drawings of the furnishings of several dozen unpublished graves and drawings of finds associated with assemblages subjected by W. Heym to follow-up study but not included in his publications. Among the pottery pieces recovered from the cemetery of special interest is a tripartite vessel from grave 185 (Fig. 2, pl. XXIII/185). The Wielbark culture settlement at Bystrzec (German inventory number 1694) lies on a flood terrace between the Nogat – distributary of the Vistula –and the Liwa. First rescue excavations carried out by W. Heym in 1929 revealed traces of a two-room post structure featuring a central hearth within a stone setting. Numerous pottery fragments helped to date the feature to AD 150–250 (W. Heym 1929; K. Przewoźna 1972). The next rescue investigation, made in 1938, uncovered the remains of a single hearth (?) and six dwelling structures. The archival records from this research, next to a brief report, contain line drawings of several vessels discovered in individual features. This is the only information on the 1938 excavation of the settlement at Bystrzec.

4

Wielokulturowe cmentarzysko w Starym Targu w świetle dotychczasowych publikacji, archiwaliów i ocalałych materiałów

100%

Żórawska A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2005

|

vol. LVII

|

issue 57

111-176

EN

The multicultural cemetery at Stary Targ, distr. Malbork, woj. pomorskie (formerly, Altmark, Kr. Stuhm) was discovered in 1937. Investigation carried out the same year on 30 August – 4 September, 8–11, 21–25 and 27–28 September the team of Waldemar Heym, head (Leiter) of the Regional Museum “Westpreußen” in Kwidzyn (Heimatmuseum „Westpreußen” in Marienwerder). 432 grave assemblages of Lusatian, Oksywie, and Wielbark cultures were explored during less than 17 days. The investigation of the cemetery at Stary Targ was only briefly mentioned in literature and never published in full. At present it is documented by drawings of pottery and selected finds made by Waldemar Heym, held by the Museum in Kwidzyn; the field diary did not survive and the photographic record cannot be located. A few score artefacts which survived the war are in keeping of the Museum in Kwidzyn and the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk. Basing on the surviving W. Heym files, complemented by published data and the review of museum collections, it is possible to make at least a partial reconstruction of 201 grave inventories from Stary Targ. Unfortunately in most cases the funerary rite cannot be established. A small number of oldest graves dating from Hallstatt C may be associated with Lusatian culture. Grave assemblages of Oksywie culture date from phases A2–A3 of the PreRoman Period. The largest number of graves is associated with Wielbark culture and cover all its phases of development, spanning phase B1 of the Roman Period and the early phase of the Migration Period (phase D).

5

Klamra hakowa z Kargoszyna, pow. ciechanowski. Uwagi o chronologii i genezie ażurowych klamer z T-kształtnym zakończeniem w północno-wschodniej Polsce i na terenach bałtyjskich

100%

Żórawska A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2005

|

vol. LVII

|

issue 57

47-55

EN

The open-work belt clasp from Kargoszyn, north-eastern Poland (comm. and distr. Ciechanów, woj. mazowieckie), from late 2003 in the collection of the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, is a stray find, one of two such specimens recorded in Poland. The piece is 8.5 cm long, produced by casting, ornamented on the frame with engraved lines and oblique incisions (Fig. 1). The other open-work belt clasp, from a Pomeranian culture cemetery at Bukowo, distr. Sztum, is a plain specimen fashioned from a narrow strip of iron sheet (Fig. 2). Two further belt clasps of similar form are known from a West Balt Barrow culture cemetery at Mezdulesye, distr. Gvardeysk, and from a cemetery of Dollkeim-Kovrovo culture at Kovrovo, distr. Zelenogradsk, both in the Kaliningrad Province. The two specimens are ornamented on the frame with embossed knobs (Fig. 3). The belt clasps from Bukowo, Mezdulesye, and Kovrovo have been variously interpreted. W. Nowakowski (1995, p. 62; 1996, p. 69) considers the Balt specimens as Raetian imports but his explanation is undermined by the form of these two pieces, widely different from that of open-work clasp finds from south Germany (cf E. Keller 1984, pl. 4:11, 6:7.15, 8:6, 9:5). On the basis of its plastic ornament J. Rosen-Przeworska (1939, p. 127) traces the clasp from Mezdulesye to the La Tène sphere, but the piece lacks analogies in the Celtic environment. By J. Okulicz (1973, p. 331), A. Waluś (1983, p. 180) and M. J. Hoffmann (2000, p. 141) the same specimen is interpreted as an imitation of the clasp from Bukowo, Poland. Only E. Petersen (1929, p. 68) observed the similarity of the belt clasp from Bukowo to rhombic Hallstatt forms. Apparently, all the four open-work specimens belong in a large group of belt clasps with T-shaped endings and are closest to rhombic forms with similar endings (cf fig. 5). The form is widespread during Late Hallstatt (Ha D) in the Alpine region, on the Adriatic and in south Germany (cf C. Derrix 2001, fig. 51). A dozen-odd specimens known from Poland (cf M. Gedl 1991, p. 83), primarily from Silesia and Wielkopolska (Fig. 6, 7), are being interpreted as imports from the Hallstattkreis. However, we know of no analogies from the Hallstatt area to open-work belt clasps with T-shaped endings, referred to here as type Bukowo. Probably, they are a local imitation of Hallstatt prototypes. While only the dating of the belt clasp from Bukowo (Ha D) is certain, a similar chronology may be posited for all of the other specimens, even the belt clasp from the Dollkeim-Kovrovo cemetery, which admittedly occurred in a grave from phase B2 of the Roman Period but differed widely from the rest of the grave goods. Type Bukowo belt clasps suggest the existence of a lively exchange between cultures of the Hallstattkreis with areas of north-eastern Poland and the Balt lands, formerly considered as peripheral.

Refine search results

5 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

1 2006

2 2005

2 2003

5 Żórawska A.

Grób kultury wielbarskiej z cmentarzyska z wczesnej epoki żelaza w Tynwałdzie na Pojezierzu Iławskim

Dwa nieznane cmentarzyska kultury Łużyckiej z Ziemi Dobrzyńskiej

Ocalałe i niepublikowane materiały z badań Waldemara Heyma w Bystrzcu, powiat kwidzyński (Weißhof, Kr. Marienwerder)

Wielokulturowe cmentarzysko w Starym Targu w świetle dotychczasowych publikacji, archiwaliów i ocalałych materiałów

Klamra hakowa z Kargoszyna, pow. ciechanowski. Uwagi o chronologii i genezie ażurowych klamer z T-kształtnym zakończeniem w północno-wschodniej Polsce i na terenach bałtyjskich