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EN
This article introduces the reader to the realities of the sector of the Polish culture. It explains what the cultural policy is and then presents a critical analysis of the SWOT analysis carried out by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. One by one it evaluates its weaknesses and risks as well as strengths and opportunities. In the following part it assesses the expenditure on culture as well as its accessibility. The fi nal section discusses the operational programs in the fi eld of culture. On the basis of the steps assessments of the opportunities and threats to the Polish cultural policy have been carried out.
EN
The article introduces the reader into the situation on the Polish culture market. It explains the basic concepts, such as politics, culture, cultural policy and cultural institution, the knowledge of which is essential to understanding the sense of considering this topic. The paper presents the general conditions of the functioning of cultural institutions and the structure of their financing. Then, it discusses the main problems faced by institutions of each size. It is also an attempt at assessing the level of interest in the products of the activities of cultural institutions. The last part examines the extent to which these results were affected by the actions undertaken by representatives of the State and the EU within the framework of implementation of the cultural policy.
EN
Of course, there is no universal answer when it comes to deciding which form of agreement is the best, as it depends on the type of work. If it bears the hallmarks of an employment relation, even though costs for both an employer and an employee are significant, it is worth concluding an employment contract because the privileges it confers are not comparable with other agreements. In such a situation service contract as the sole source of income does not cause any savings for an employer but only increases the cost for an employee. It can be stated with absolute certainty that what makes an employment contract more attractive are more likely vacations than the costs associated with the contributions which are unlikely to bring real benefits in the form of a decent pension. When it comes to an agency contract, it is beneficial for both sides only for the first two years of existing of the enterprise and only if the salary contains more than just a provision. After two years, the only side saving money is an employer. So if it is possible, it pays off to include other types of civil contracts as they leave more net resources to use if somebody has another source of income or is a student.
EN
To sum up, the data used in this article and the described economic mechanisms show that there is strong correlation between the public debt level and the situation of households. Nowadays, it can bring many negative consequences. The private and public debts in Poland are reaching about 16 030 mld zł. Government safes the budget with bufet deficyt, and the private savings of consumer are gone with growing consumption outways. Government is affraid about zloty’s rate of exchange and thousands of debtors wonder how high will the next instalment be. Growing unemployment taxes caused impoverishment, though nominally nothing has changed. The latter case had one positive effect decrease of budget deficyt of the current year but it is still not enough. If the debt will not drop, the state will not manage to help its citizens and it will take a lot of common work to rebuild the economic growth.
EN
The contemporary art market has a good chance of development, if it makes use of favourable social trends and new developments in the economy (e.g. art banking). When it comes to art galleries as a sector, it has a huge growth opportunities due to the increasing amount of cash that can be used for purposes other than basic ones. Another thing which has a positive impact on the sector is the growth of households’ income. This is an opportunity for the sector, but a single gallery, facing increasing competitiveness in the market, must be proactive and stand out from others. The way to achieve this is to undertake various activities mentioned in the text, but also other — more creative ones, and to establish close business relationships based on trust, both with business partners and clients. The main way to successfully survive in this market is continuous communication with the environment of the gallery. It is not enough to be located in a good spot, rather it is continually signaling the presence that makes a gallery successful.
PL
Niepokój budzą dokonujące się przemiany w strukturze demograficznej ludności. Taka sytuacja wywołuje konsekwencje w wielu obszarach życia społeczno-gospodarczego, w tym na rynku turystycznym. Coraz liczniejsza grupa seniorów zgłasza zapotrzebowanie na usługi turystyczne, gdyż dysponuje czasem wolnym i stałym dochodem oraz coraz wyższym poziomem wykształcenia. Celem artykułu jest określenie znaczenia zmian w strukturze demograficznej ludności dla rozwoju coraz liczniejszego segmentu rynku turystycznego – seniorów. W artykule wykorzystano analizę danych statystycznych i analizę literatury z zakresu turystyki i demografii.
EN
This article presents to the reader the situation of Polish graduates, in particular with regards to the problem of unemployment. It shows the scale of the problem and suggestions for ways to deal with the lack of work. It also discusses the size and role of the MSMEs in eliminating unemployment. For this purpose, it explains the procedure of establishing enterprises and lists institutions providing money for start-ups. The article questions the effectiveness of this method. In the following part it discusses the role of informed choice between different kinds of high schools in reducing the level of unemployment among graduates. Finally, it also questions the value of a master’s degree. The author states that there is a mismatch between the structure of education and the needs of the market.
PL
Kooperencja przedsiębiorstw jest nowym i słabo poznanym zjawiskiem gospodarczym, stanowiącym alternatywę dla rozpatrywanych odrębnie mechanizmów konkurencji i kooperacji. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka relacji i potencjału kooperencyjego przedsiębiorstw uzdrowiskowych. Za podstawę analizy przyjęto metodę zaproponowaną przez J. Cygler. Z analizy wynika, że sektor uzdrowiskowy charakteryzuje się średnim potencjałem kooperencyjnym, a badane przedsiębiorstwa uzdrowiskowe niskim. Można przypuszczać, że w najbliższych latach przedsiębiorstwa uzdrowiskowe będą zacieśniać więzi kooperencyjne, gdyż generują one znaczne korzyści dla zaangażowanych stron.
EN
The purpose of the article is to assess Poland’s position on the international tourist market taking a comparative approach, in the light of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF), and also critical analysis of the TTCI methodology used in the years 2009–2016. The countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) indicated by the Polish Tourism Organization as the most important competitors were selected for the comparative analysis of Poland’s position on the tourist market. The research proved that in the analyzed period the position of Polish tourism against the background of competitors is growing as a result of the significant improvement of the Travel & Tourism regulatory framework and infrastructure. The WEF methodology is not yet perfect due to the selection and number of respondents, whereas the modification of competition factors, consistent with the evolution of theoretical concepts and also keeping up with the progress in business practice, deserves a positive assessment.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ocena pozycji Polski na międzynarodowym rynku turystycznym w ujęciu komparatywnym, w świetle Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) opracowanego przez World Economic Forum (WEF), a także krytyczna analiza metodyki TTCI stosowanej w latach 2009–2016. Do analizy porównawczej pozycji na rynku turystycznym wybrano kraje: Czechy, Słowacja, Wegry, Litwa, Łotwa i Estonia, wskazane przez Polską Organizację Turystyczną jako najważniejszych konkurentów Polski. Badania dowiodły, że w analizowanym okresie pozycja polskiej turystyki na tle konkurentów rośnie dzięki znacznej poprawie ram regulacyjnych i infrastruktury w sektorze podróży i turystyki. Metodologia WEF nie jest jeszcze doskonała z uwagi na dobór i liczebność respondentów, natomiast na pozytywną ocenę zasługuje modyfikacja czynników konkurencyjności, zgodna z ewolucją koncepcji teoretycznych i nadążająca za postępem w praktyce gospodarczej.
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