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EN
The memory of a disastrous and vast deluge that took place in a very distant past appears in the texts of legends that originated in many civilizations and cultures. The biblical tradition, or rather traditions (pre-pastoral and pastoral), borrow numerous images and symbols from this heritage of mankind, so that within their own monotheistic theology the episode in the history of the early stage of mankind could be recorded. What in the Middle East mythologies and epics was ascribed to jealous gods’ whims, in Gen 6-9 is presented as the work of a just God, who rightly punishes the corrupted mankind for having destroyed His work of creation. In the biblical tradition also another theological motif appears that is completely missing from any ancient accounts of the deluge - the motif of God’s mercy and God's salutary interference into the history of the world and of man that aims at a revival of the universe and assumes the shape of a new work of creation. The present article tackles the issue of Gen 6-9 in a broad context of its relation to analogous Middle East traditions in order to show the origin, the process of editing as well as the literary and theological specificity of the biblical account of the Flood as completely as possible.
XX
W relacji Rdz 3,1‒24, która jest tak właściwie pierwszą historią opowiedzianą przez autora biblijnego, hebrajska szkoła narracji osiąga niezwykle wysoki pułap tak pod względem formalnym, wystarczy tu wziąć pod uwagę niezwykle dopracowaną strukturę opowiadania, jego głęboki symbolizm przekazu oraz zakotwiczenie w świecie religii i kultury starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu, jak też pod względem merytorycznym. Tekst relacjonujący upadek pierwszych ludzi i złamanie przymierza z Bogiem w Edenie charakteryzuje się wielką głębią teologiczną i filozoficzną, z jaką jahwista podejmuje najważniejsze problemy egzystencjalne związane z naturą i statusem człowieka: to znaczy jego wielkość i powołanie, bezpośredni związek z Bogiem, ale także doniosłe wyzwanie darowanej mu przez Stwórcę wolności, której niestety nie potrafił odpowiednio wykorzystać.
EN
In Gen 3,1‒24, the first story in the Bible, Hebrew narrative art is seen at its highest. The charm with which the tale unfolds serves only to deepen the tragedy that is related, while the apparent naïveté of the style disguises the richness of theological reflection that theologians have not exhausted. And this is the greatest tribute that can be paid to the writer. He describes God’s relations with men not in abstract theological jargon that needs special linguistic aptitudes and a long training to acquire, but in a simple vocabulary drawn from peasant life. Yet the ideas he puts so clearly in story form have theological ramifications that have stretched the minds of the greatest thinkers down the ages.
EN
A comprehensive series of traditions about the succession of the throne (2 Sam 13-20; 1Kgs 1-2) belongs to the more representative parts of the biblical history of king David and is simultaneously one of the most beautiful parts of the Hebrew prose. This part of the Bible provides an extremely varied and complex tale with full intrigue and contrived fight for power at the royal court. Important is also the theme of the personal relationship of David with his sons. The history of the son of Jesse and his descendants, described in 2 Sam 13-20; 1 Kgs 1-2, may indeed used as a biblical illustration of extraordinarily important problem of the good upbringing and education of the younger generation. The evolution of the respectful relationship between parents and their offspring, the selection of appropriate methods and patterns of parental love, and the various types of difficulties accompanying the process of education are a common theme of many biblical texts. These traditions not only analyze the theological and existential ground of human relationships, but also formulate specific indications for the upbringing valid in any time and circumstances.
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