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Wielkość i struktura rodziny chłopskiej w parafii rzymskokatolickiej gorzkowskiej w 1791 roku

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2011
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vol. 30
79-98
EN
In the late 18th century the Roman Catholic parish of Gorzków was located in the Krasnystaw district, Ruthenian province, south-west of Krasnystaw. It was an ethnically and religiously diverse area, a Polish-Ruthenian and Roman-Greek Catholic borderland. There were neighbourly and family links between the two groups. The article is based on a parish census of 1791. According to the census, the parish comprised the town of Gorzków and 12 villages inhabited by 2420 people, 222 of whom lived in the town. On average, 5.5 lived in a peasant household. This number was influenced by natural population movements as well as spatial mobility of people (servants, landless tenants and adult children leaving their parents’ farms). The most populous households were those headed by 45–49 year-olds. On average, there were 5.8 people living in those households. Most peasant families living in one household in this parish were made up of two generations (77% of families), with very few families being composed of one (13%) or three generations (10%). To use Peter Laslett’s typology, the Gorzków parish was characterised by a high number of nuclear households (73% of the parish), which was markedly different from the situation in the nearby Greek Catholic parishes, where nuclear households accounted for just 41% of the total, with the number of complex families being slightly higher (44%). In the Gorzków parish, complex households made up 8% of the total and extended households — 16%. Single person households and non-family households were rare.
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Gospodarstwo chłopskie w wybranych wsiach dóbr teofilpolskich na Podolu w 1827 roku

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Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2014
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vol. 35
41 - 54
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse the population structure as well as the family structures of Ukrainian peasant households in the first half of the 19th century on the basis of several villages in the Teofilpol estate in Podolia and to compare the results with the data from other regions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with Polish and Ukrainian populations. In the analysed villages peasant households numbered on average 6,8 individuals. An important feature of peasant households was a high number of relatives and a small number of servants and landless tenants. The term “relatives” usually referred to very close relations, mainly brothers and sisters who were single or with families, children of the head of the household with their families as well as his parents, usually widowed mothers. As numerous relatives lived together, there was virtually no need for hired labour, hence the scarce presence of servants. The possibility of living in one’s father, brother’s or son’s household and thus being provided for meant that in the local Ukrainian communities there were virtually no people who had no homes, permanent source of income and who had to be put up by someone. In the population in question landless tenants constituted 2,8% of the population, servants — 1,3% and relatives — 30%, while in parishes in the west landless tenants constituted 7,3–16,4%, servants 12,5–24,4% and relatives 4,5–14,1% of the total population.
3
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Mìsto Poltawa w Rumăncews´komu opisì Malorosìї 1765–1769 rr., Naš čas, Kiїw 2012, ss. 576

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2016
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vol. 38
|
issue 3
205-209
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Rodzina i gospodarstwo chłopskie w ziemi wieluńskiej i powiecie ostrzeszowskim w końcu XVIII wieku

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2010
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vol. 29
29-68
EN
The author describes the size and structure of peasant farms depending on the peasant’s socio-economic status and the type of feudal ownership. The research comprised nine Roman Catholic parishes in the Sieradz province (in the Wieluń region and in the district of Ostrzeszów), where local clergy conducted censuses in 1790–1792. On wealthier farms, cmetho and semi-cmetho, the rate of extended and complex families was 22.4 and 29.0, respectively, and on poorer farms — hortulanus, cottager and inquilinus — the rate was 19.0, 13.1, 14.6, respectively. The same relation applied in the case of the number of people on the farm; there were more people on wealthier farms than on poorer ones, which was related to the demand for additional workforce in larger farms, with greater obligations to the estate. The size and structure of the peasant farm was also shaped by the age of the peasant (on wealthier farms) and by the owner of the village (the King, the gentry or the Church), so on the one hand — by the ability to fulfill the obligations to village owners, and on the other, by the size of the obligations. Thus, the farms needed to employ appropriately more or less workforce.
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Ludność rzymskokatolickiej parafii Koropiec w latach 1704–1775

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2014
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vol. 36
23 - 37
EN
Koropets lies about 160 km south-east of Lviv. In the period in question the parish comprised a town and four villages on both sides of the Dniester River. The region was characterised by a varied population structure — the inhabitants included Ukrainians, Poles as well as some Jews. The article deals with the Roman Catholic parish of Koropets in 1704–1775. Parameters that can be captured in the sources are monthly seasonalities of marriages and births. Both parameters were strongly correlated with the church and agricultural calendars. The biggest number of marriages took place in February, January and November, while the biggest number of births came in January, February and March. There was also a decrease in the number of conceptions during the period of intense agricultural work, i.e. between July and November. An analysis of territorial mobility of newlyweds reveals a tendency to look for a spouse in the home village or in its vicinity — an overwhelming majority of marriages were between people living in villages situated no more than 15 km apart. An important phenomenon in the region was that of Catholic inter-ritual marriages — 15% of all marriages in the analysed parish — as well as the custom of water baptisms. In Roman Catholic registers they constituted 4.6% of all registered baptisms.
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Mìsto Poltawa w Rumăncews´komu opisì Malorosìї 1765–1769 rr., Naš čas, Kiїw 2012, ss. 576

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
|
2016
|
vol. 38
|
issue 3
205-209
7
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Struktura własności ziemskiej i jej dochodów w województwie kijowskim w 1789 r.

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
|
2011
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vol. 71
PL
Structure of Landed Property and Its Revenues in the Voivodeship of Kiev in 1789(Summary)The voivodeship of Kiev was situated in the eastern part of the Commonwealth along the frontier with the Russian Empire. At the end of the eighteenth century its area totalled over 59 000 sq. km. The dominating form of landed property was the gentry estate, which embraced ca. 78.8% of all towns and villages. The dimension of royal and Church property was similar and comprised 12,4% and 12,8% of all settlements, respectively. Emphasis must be placed on the considerable participation of large estates (gentry, Church, and leased royal estates) within the property and income structure in the voivodeship in question: 46% of local cities and 32% of revenues from landed property. In this respect, an exceptional rank was enjoyed by Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, the owner of 10% of settlements, with an annual income of over a million zlotys, i.e. 16,2% of revenues obtained from all estates in the voivodeship. Apart from Branicki, the list of the largest owners did not correspond to that of persons with the most imposing revenues. This state of affairs was the outcome predominantly of the administration of the estates. The northern part of the voivodeship of Kiev (the county of Ovruts) was worse administered and its characteristic feature was a significant number of small settlements and a twice lower income from a single village than in other regions of the voivodeship. Alongside large landed property, the titular voivodeship, and in particular its northern part, was also distinctive for estates-owners of small parts of villages.
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Struktura i wielkość gospodarstw rodzinnych staroobrzędowców w powiecie żytomierskim (w Guberni Wołyńskiej), w końcu XVIII w.

100%
Rzemieniecki K.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2015
|
vol. 75
PL
On the Old Believers in Ukraine in the eighteenth century (Summary)The article offers the analysis of the structure and size of the households of the Old Believers living in the vicinity of Żytomierz in Ukraine in the eighteenth century. The Old Believers form a denomination that carved itself off from the Russian Orthodox Church in the latter half of the seventeenth century. The population census of 1795 serves as the basis of the analysis carried out in the paper. The households of the Old Believers were usually made up of 7.3 persons, with 6.5 persons forming the host’s own family. The majority of the families of the Old Believers were nuclear in their structure. Worthy of note is also a patriarchal character of the presence of adult relatives in these households. Among the host’s adult relatives who stayed in his household were, in the main, either his married brothers or his married sons. The vast majority of the farms owned by the Old Believers were thus inherited by male successors.
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Spisy ludności rzymskokatolickiej parafii Tartaków z lat 1787 i 1789

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Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2014
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vol. 36
113 - 150
EN
The town of Tartakiv, once the centre of a Roman Catholic parish, is located about 70 km north of Lviv. The parish comprised thirteen towns and villages. The analysed populations registers of the Roman Catholic parish of Tartakiv are records of Easter penitents in 1787 and 1789. The two surviving registers, from not too distant periods, published side by side make it possible to follow changes occurring in households over a period of two years and to note issues which are not visible or significant when just one register is used. There are slight differences in the spelling of Christian names and surnames in both documents as well as in records concerning the same relatives, which significantly change their relation to the head of the household and the kinship structure of the household. For example, a 1787 entry lists the head of a household with his wife, daughter, son and son-in-law. In the second register the son turns out to be the grandson of the head of the household. Another household comprised, in addition to the head of the household and his wife, a male servant as well as a female servant and her daughter. Two years later the male servant is no longer there, the female’s servant daughter turns out to be the daughter of the head of the household and the servant herself — his sister.
10
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Perspektywy badań nad populacją i rodziną województwa kijowskiego w XVIII wieku

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Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2015
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vol. 37
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issue 2
149-158
EN
The article assesses the prospects of the research on the population and family of the Kiev Voivodeship in the 18th century. The article has been based on the analysis of archival existing materials, which potentially might become a basis for such research (birth and death registers of various religions, censuses, state tax tables). The diversity and quantity of the research material makes it possible to work out detailed analytical methods. The second half of the century is especially rich in sources, and the condition of the existing materials allows a detailed analysis of the state and dynamics of changes in the population of the whole region at several points of time. Prospects of the research on the structure and size of the family and household of various social and ethnic groups seem promising. Among other things the materials concerning two censuses carried out by the Polish and Russian authorities have survived. In spite of the territorial and chronological incompatibility of the materials they offer many possibilities to analyse most of the potential research questions, especially the ones concerning the second half of the century.
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Greckokatolicka rodzina chłopska w ziemi chełmskiej w końcu XVIII w.

63%
Miesiąc-Stępińska A., Rzemieniecki K.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2009
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vol. 69
91-110
EN
The intention of this article is to analyse the structure of the population and family farmsteads at the end of the eighteenth century in three Uniate (Greek Catholic) parishes situated in the north-eastern part of the land of Chelm. The results were compared with findings relating to Roman Catholic parishes in the western parts of the Kingdom of Poland, primarily in Greater Poland. The study was based on parish population polls conducted by the local rectors in 1791–1792 upon the request of the Civilian-Military Order Commissions. The Greek Catholic parishes revealed a population structure different than the one in their Roman Catholic counterparts; the same holds true for peasant farmsteads with a similar number of persons per single farm, i.e. 6–7. There is a distinctive connection between the considerable participation of relatives within the structure of the Uniate peasant household and the small number of servants and tenant farmers, almost absent in the examined parishes. In the studied community tenant farmers constituted 2,7% of the population, servants – 2%, and relatives – 33,6%, while in parishes situated in the west tenant farmers totalled 7,3–16,4%, servants – 12,5–24,4%, and relatives – 4,5-14,1% of the whole population. The large participation of relatives in the employment structure of the farmsteads in the eastern parishes unquestionably reduced the need for a hired labour force, while the care for and protection of old relatives, incapable of working, decreased the percentage of tenant farmers in the whole population. The presence of numerous relatives in peasant farmsteads denoted also a small number of nuclear families, which in the examined parishes totalled 41,3% of the whole population, while in the western parishes was never lower than 62%.
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Ludność katolicka i ewangelicka Kępna w XVIII wieku

63%
Miesiąc-Stępińska A., Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2011
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vol. 30
53-77
EN
Kępno lies on the border of Wielkopolska and Silesia. In the 18th century it was part of the Ostrzeszów district in the Sieradz province. The local parish comprised a town and two villages. At that time there were three ethnic groups living in the town: Poles; Protestants from Silesia, mainly Germans; and Jews. The basic occupations of the new inhabitants were crafts (they were mostly cobblers, weavers and linen makers) and trade. The analysis is based on birth, marriage and death registers of the Roman Catholic parish of Kępno, in which not only Catholics but also Protestants were listed. The monthly seasonality of weddings in the parish depended largely on the church calendar and work in the fields. Most marriage ceremonies in both religious groups took place in October, November and January. They were usually held on Sundays and, less frequently, on Tuesdays and Mondays. The ceremonies were witnessed almost invariably by men. Only in exceptional cases would a woman be one of the witnesses. There were also dozen or so marriage ceremonies with three witnesses; in several cases the note “and others” was added. Witnesses were usually people of higher standing or popularity in the local community. In both religious communities the biggest number of children were born in September and October, the smallest — in June. 2.8% of children were born out of wedlock — most of them were Catholic children. People asked to be godparents were mainly men and women who were popular in the local community. The distribution of the number of deaths among people living in Kępno and its vicinity was clearly related to the seasons. The number of deaths in the parish was particularly high towards the end of winter and in early spring as well as late summer, a phenomenon characteristic of all urban and rural communities from the 17th–19th centuries studied so far.
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Śluby w parafii greckokatolickiej Kałusz w latach 1785–1897

63%
Rzemieniecki K., Miesiąc-Stępińska A.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2014
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vol. 33
39 - 63
EN
Kalush lies at the foot of the Carpathians, in the Dniester River basin, about 100 km south-east of Lviv. When it belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, it was the centre of a local royal estate; after the area was seized by Austria in 1772 it became a district town. For centuries the area was associated with salt mining, processing and trade. The town had a complex population structure comprising Poles, Ukrainians, Jews and Germans, and, in terms of religious denominations — Roman and Greek Catholics, Protestants (Lutherans) and Mosaic believers. The present analysis is based on the birth, marriage and death registers of the Greek Catholic parish of Kalush from 1785–1897. The monthly seasonality of weddings in the parish depended largely on the church calendar and work in the fields. Most marriage ceremonies in this religious group took place in October, November and January. Usually, they were held on Tuesdays, Mondays and Thursdays. In most cases marriage ceremonies were witnessed by two men, usually people of higher standing or popularity in the local community. The average age of the groom was 28,7 years and of the bride 23,5 years. The age of both men and women was much lower when they were getting married for the first time. The bachelors were on average 25,4 years old at that time and the maidens — 21 years. Approximately 10% of marriages were between people of different denominations. Usually, they were marriages between Greek Catholics and Roman Catholics. As the town developed and grew, it attracted a number of people seeking work and a better life. This process can also be observed in the birth, marriage and death registers. 29% of men getting married in Kalush were born outside this parish, while 13% lived permanently outside the town, usually in its vicinity. Despite the custom of conducting the marriage ceremony in the bride’s parish, marriage registers also contain information about women born outside Kalush and Bania but living there permanently. Approximately 10% of the women came from outside the town.
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