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1

ON THE MODAL FUNCTION OF THE LEXEME 'MOZHE / MOZHET' IN POLISH AND RUSSIAN

100%
Czapiga Z.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2005
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
271-281
EN
The author discusses the semantic and syntactic features of lexemes 'mozhet (Russ.), byt' mozhet (Russ.)', 'mozhe (Pol.), byc' mozhe (Pol.)'. They express speaker's own attitude to the message: they signify possibility, probability of a fact, incident. What is more, they may contain a shade of a question or suggestion. The above-mentioned modal lexemes are used in the meaning: 'if something may/might happen or may/might be true, there is a possibility that it will happen or be true but it is not certain'. Their modal meaning can be transformed into a statement: 'I think, we can suppose that...'. Sentences with such modal lexemes are usually of two-element structure: dictum (D) i.e. the part of a sentence that names facts (processes or incidents), and modus (M) that names the speaker's own attitude to the indicated facts, so it explains how we should treat dictum. Apart from the Polish direct dictionary equivalents of the Russian lexeme other synonymous forms with the same shade of modal meaning: 'bodaj; mozhliwe, zhe...' appear only in several examples. The lexemes either refer to the sentence as a whole or to some of its elements.
2

VERBAL NOUNS WITH ZERO FORMANT IN THE POSITION OF AN ARGUMENT IN POLISH AND RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC TEXTS

100%
Czapiga Z.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2008
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
117-127
EN
The article discusses verbal nouns with zero formant in the role of the main argument in Polish and Russian scientific texts. The sentences with verbal nouns in nominative case are of informative and logic character. This is why usually non active verbs, denoting mental acts or the interactions cause-effect, occur in the function of the main predicate. Taking the position of the main argument with this kind of predicates, they do not become a semantic subject of the sentence, but the potential predicate. The subject of the main predicate is usually omitted, and the subject of the potential predicate is usually indicated by the genitive form. Removal of the main subject in scientific texts allows to move the logic accent beyond the activity alone.
3

THE METATEXT OPERATORS WITH SEMANTIC COMPONENT 'TO TALK' IN RUSSIAN AND THEIR POLISH COUNTERPARTS

100%
Czapiga Z.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2006
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
95-107
EN
Metatext operators with semantic component 'to talk' vary in both analysed languages according to their semantics, form and structure. They play an important role in the organisation of a text: they have a phatic function, imply the source of information, provide a certain interruption, express a speaker's comment on his/her own utterance, and carry the expressive quality of the given piece of information. The Russian operators may have dictionary equivalents or other synonymic counterparts in Polish translation, sometimes with the implicit element being 'to talk'. Analysed in the text are for example such operators as 'govoryat - podobno, mówia, powiadaja, gadaja; chodza sluchy; ze niby'; 'govoryu tebe - mówie ci'; 'govorit - mówi, powiada, prosi, pyta'; 'skazhem - powiedzmy'; skazhite - prosze powiedziec, niech pan powie; kto by pomyslal; prosze'; 'kak govoritsya - jak to sie mówi'; 'sobstvenno govorya - mówiac szczerze; prawde mówiac; wlasciwie'; 'otkrovenno govorya - szczerze mówiac; prawde mówiac'; 'voobshche govorya - (tak) w ogóle'; 'mezhdu nami govorya - mówiac miedzy nami'; 'koroche govorya - krótko mówiac'; 'k slovu govorya - nawiasem mówiac'; 'nado skazat - nalezy/trzeba dodac, powiedziec'; 'luchshe skazat - lepiej powiedziec.
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