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A Comparison of R&D Supply Chains and Service and Manufacturing Supply Chains

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ShahmariChatghieh M., Haapasalo H., Distanont A.
International Journal of Synergy and Research
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 1-2
EN
This paper is a  literature review to compare selected dimensions of manufacturing, services and R&D sectors supply chains. Each supply chain is seen as a  system which proper input should be proceed to gain appropriate output. Therefore, to study the supply chains, inputs, outputs and the processors specifications should be considered and the most common characteristics of each sectors’ input and output are investigated; additionally, due to wide range of supply chain specifications the factors are brought from the literature to the model to have a  unique structure of comparison: quality, cost, flexibility, competitiveness, resource utilization and innovation. The final result is a  comparison of the factors in manufacturing, service and R&D sourcing.Purpose – This paper is a  literature review. Due to novelty of R&D sourcing in compare with tangible manufacturing sourcing and intangible service sourcing, and lots of models and procedures from manufacturing sourcing were modified in services sourcing, we tried to compare manufacturing and services sourcing bold aspects with R&D souring to find out the possibilities of such modifications. Additionally, exploring on the similarities and differences could lighten up sourcing strategy selection processes.Design/methodology/approach – Supply chain management is initiated in manufacturing companies, and then various methods, procedures and strategies are modified, developed, and applied at service sector organizations. Therefore, R&D supply chains can be understood by comparing various factors of manufacturing (tangible) and service (intangible) supply chains to find opportunities for modification or innovation in R&D supply chains. The supply chain is a  system in which the input should pass out the processor to be converted into the appropriate output. Thus, in this study, inputs, outputs, and processors of supply chains are studied. Using the variation and range of supply chains factors as processor criteria, the most important characteristics of supply chains are studied: quality, cost, flexibility, competitiveness, resource utilization, and innovation.Findings – The result of the study is a  general comparison of R&D, manufacturing, and service supply chains in terms of these criteria: quality, cost, flexibility, competitiveness, resource utilization, and innovation that gives a  synergetic view pointsOriginality/Value – Modifying and developing sourcing strategies and procedures in manufacturing and service sourcing are possible approaches. The possibilities and opportunities in R&D sourcing were evaluated. Subsequently, there are not any other researches which compare R&D sourcing with manufacturing and services.
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Empirical aspects on defining product data for rapid productisation

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Nikolaus Kangas N. K., Kropsu-Vehkapera H., Haapasalo H., Kinnunen K.
International Journal of Synergy and Research
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 1-2
EN
Purpose – Emerging customer needs are calling for companies to quickly create new solutions in business front-end e.g. in sales situation. However, bypassing predefined product development processes and thus product definition turns to be problematic and leads later problems in product management. The main objective is to study what kind of special issues is related on defining product data when rapidly productising products.Design/methodology/approach – This is a  qualitative case study including three descriptive company cases. The study is conducted to show special characteristics that occur when rapidly defining products and their product data.Findings – The results indicate that the practices to carry out rapid productisation (RP) are very company specific. However, three common forms for RP can be recognised. It can be concluded that product data management needs in the productisation process are dependent on product structure and an original customer order point (COP) of the products. This study analyses the link between COP and the type of module added in rapid productisation and how it affects the product data handled.Practical implications – By focusing the relevant product data companies can hasten rapid productisation and ensure sufficient product management during order-delivery process.Originality; The concept of rapid productisation itself is quite novel although acute issue in practice. This research gives empirical insight about essential product data aspects when rapidly productising a  new item.
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