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Marx a rozpory společnosti vědění

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The society of knowledge is made an object of investigation by many contemporary authors. Its basic characteristics, however, were captured by Radovan Richta as long ago as the 1960’s. Richta was one of the first theoreticians to point out that know¬ledge, and the all-round development of man, is becoming an economic factor. In his pioneering conception, Richta was inspired by Marx, who analysed the basic principles of the society of knowledge as far back as the second half of the nineteenth century. The author interprets Marx’s conception with a special emphasis on the contradictions which appear between the demands of the all-round developed person and that of the capitalist economy. In conclusion, the author formulates the thesis that the contemporary society of knowledge is a society of fluid alienation in which knowledge acquires an alienated character.
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Suicidální reflexe

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This article aims to be a contribution to debate of the typology of the modern and post-modern subject which has once again flared up in connection with the work of Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou. I attempt to show that the subject is connected with a suicidal dimension which creates space marked off from a given context. Firstly I attempt to interpret Benjamin’s paper Charles Baudelaire. Ein Lyriker im Zeitalter des Hochkapitalismus in which suicide is spoken of as the foundation of the modern subject (suicide as “the heroic passion of modernity”). I put Benjamin’s “heroic passion” into the context of the passion that Marx describes in his Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte and in his article Vom Selbstmord. I attempt to define the difference between the Marxist conception of the body, which is wrapped up with this passion, and with the concept of the body in Lacan and Žižek. In the second part I develop the theme of suicide as dislocated space by means of Maurice Blanchot’s book The Writing of the Disaster. Suicidal space is understood as the space of the “neutral” which creates a parallel with Žižek’s “night of the world”. In conclusion I attempt to show that the basis of the modern subject is rather this suicidal space than the “night of the world”. If we interpret the post-modern subject as dwelling in suicidal space, and the modern subject as its overcoming, then the post-modern subject is the basis of the modern subject.
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This discussion study addresses the ontological and ethical questions that can be found in Myšlení a tvorba Egona Bondyho (The Thought and Creative Work of Egon Bondy), edited by Petr Kužel. This is the first monograph dedicated to the work of this original thinker. In the introductory part, I deal with the reasons that led to Bondy’s work being neglected up to this point in time by those who interpret philosophy. In the second part, I summarize the axiological and logical arguments put forward by the authors of the section of the book concerned with ontology, which should show that Bondy’s abandonment of the category of substance was justified. Then I explore two possible objections to the axiological justification of a non-substantial ontology and an objection to its logical justification. Nonetheless, in all parts of the study I show that Bondy anticipated a number of the principal themes of contemporary ontology and the theory of artificial intelligence, which have figured, for example, in the work of Slavoj Žižek or Nick Bostrom. In the closing part, I formulate some topics that, I believe, further research on Bondy should focus on.
CS
Tato diskusní studie se věnuje ontologickým a etickým otázkám, jež se objevily v knize Myšlení a tvorba Egona Bondyho, jejímž editorem je Petr Kužel. Jedná se o první monografií věnovanou dílu tohoto originálního myslitele. V úvodní části se zabývám důvody, které vedly k dosavadnímu opomíjení Bondyho díla ze strany interpretů filosofie. V druhé části shrnuji axiologické a logické argumenty předložené autory ontologického oddílu knihy, které mají dokázat, že Bondyho opuštění kategorie substance bylo oprávněné. Pak se zabývám dvěma možnými námitkami proti axiologickému zdůvodnění nesubstanční ontologie a námitkou proti jejímu zdůvodnění logickému. Ve všech částech studie nicméně ukazuji, že Bondy předjímal řadu zásadních témat současné ontologie a teorie umělé inteligence, které se objevují např. v díle Slavoje Žižka nebo Nicka Bostroma. V závěru formuluji několik témat, na něž by se podle mého názoru mělo zaměřit další bondyovské bádání.
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