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Kondycja ekonomiczna mikroprzedsiębiorstw na przykładzie firm z województwa łódzkiego

100%
Kuna-Marszałek A.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. LXXXVII (87)
47-70
EN
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the economic conditions of the micro-enterprises from the Lodz region based on statistical data from the years 2008–2010. In-depth knowledge of this sector, its specificity, the general economic situation and the barriers to development may facilitate better understanding of the needs and business conditions of micro-firms. The analysis refers to the Lodz region, not the Lodz Metropolitan Area, because detailed statistics about counties are not available.
2
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Are “dirty” industries looking for pollution havens? – an overview of selected studies

100%
Kuna-Marszałek A.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
|
2019
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issue 28
241-255
PL
Celem artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu badań teoretycznych i empirycznych odnoszących się do migracji „brudnych” gałęzi przemysłu do rajów dla zanieczyszczeń. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej przedstawiono główne determinanty przemieszczania się „brudnych” przemysłów. Następnie omówiono wyniki badań, które odrzucają hipotezę o istnieniu rajów dla zanieczyszczeń. W trzeciej części odniesiono się do tych koncepcji, które weryfikują jej prawdziwość i potwierdzają, że „brudne” przemysły przemieszczają się do krajów, w których przepisy prawne dotyczące ochrony środowiska nie są restrykcyjne. Artykuł kończy się podsumowaniem, w którym przedstawiono najważniejsze wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy.
EN
The paper aims to present an overview of theoretical and empirical studies dedicated to “dirty” industries that migrate to pollution havens. It consists of three parts. The first one discusses the major determinants that trigger the migration of dirty industries. Next, attention is paid to the results of studies which reject the hypothesis about the existence of pollution havens. Part three addresses the ideas and concepts that validate this hypothesis and confirm that dirty industries move to countries with a more relaxed environmental regulatory regime. The paper finishes with a summary section presenting the main conclusions from the analysis.
3
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Działalność badawczo-rozwojowa jednostek naukowych i badawczo-rozwojowych w regionie łódzkim

63%
Kuna-Marszałek A., Lisowska R.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. XC (90)
29-46
EN
The European Union clearly emphasises the need to convert the European knowledge into market products and services with the aid of the R&D sector through stimulating transfer of knowledge and the removal of barriers to the commercialisation of new ideas. R&D activity has a positive impact on the development of regions and it might be the example illustrating successful cooperation between science and business. Scientific units and R&D institutions are becoming increasingly more open to the business sector and more often adapt their offer to the specific needs of companies. The paper aims at presenting research and development activity carried out in Lodz region, showing its current potential and determinants of its development. Particular attention will be paid to higher education institutions whose role and importance in the research and development sphere is growing.
4
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Czy ekobiznes się opłaca? Finansowa charakterystyka przedsiębiorstw proekologicznych

63%
Kuna-Marszałek A., Marszałek J.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2012
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vol. LXXXV (85)
273-286
EN
The purpose of this article is the financial characteristics of companies in the industry of waste management and remediation services. The choice of this sector results from its specificity. The sector is mainly dominated by private companies providing its services to the state or municipal entities, whose activities are often the only incentives for growth. The public sector, as the main recipient of those services, may pursue specific economic policy and seek to limit the concentration of supply of services using qualification procedures. On the one hand, such actions may support the small local companies, but on the other hand can be a significant barrier to business growth. The specific features of the industry determine the behavior of firms in the areas of financing and investment decisions. They have a significant impact on revenues and profits can be achieved and they may specify the financing strategy. What are the companies from this sector? How do they finance their activities? What is their profitability in such specific market conditions? The goal of the article is answer to these questions.
5
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Obligacje zielone – trendy i perspektywy rozwoju

63%
Marszałek J., Kuna-Marszałek A.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2018
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vol. 52
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issue 4
EN
The purpose of the article is to identify changes on the green bond market. Using a sample of 1,202 bonds registered in the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, a statistical analysis using correlation measures, a test of signifiance of differences and basic descriptive statistics was carried out. The study finds an increasing share of corporate issuers and an increase in the diversifiation of the purpose of issuance and the currencies in which the bonds are denominated. There is a small correlation between maturity and the offered coupon or YTM. Compared to similar non-green bonds, they are issued for a shorter time, allowing for more flexible management of the investor’s portfolio.
PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfiacja zmian, jakie zachodzą na rynku obligacji zielonych. Na próbie 1202 obligacji zarejestrowanych w bazie Thomson Reuters Eikon przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną wykorzystującą miary korelacji, test istotności różnic oraz podstawowe statystyki deskryptywne. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje na coraz większy udział emitentów korporacyjnych, wzrost zróżnicowania celu emisji oraz walut, w których denominowane są obligacje. Wykazano niewielką zależność pomiędzy czasem zapadalności a oferowanym kuponem czy YTM. W porównaniu do podobnych niezielonych obligacji są one emitowane na krótszy czas, co pozwala na bardziej elastyczne zarządzanie portfelem inwestora.
6
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Psychic and geographic distance in the process of firm internationalization. Example of companies from Poland and Lodz region

63%
Kłysik-Uryszek A., Kuna-Marszałek A.
Business and Economic Horizons
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2014
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vol. 10
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issue 1
1-9
EN
ternationalisation of firms has been described in many theoretical concepts, among which the Uppsala model is the most widely used. It focuses on the sequence of the process in terms of both forms and directions of internationalisation. The need to gradually advance in internationalisation and the choice of foreign markets are explained by the concept of „psychic distance”, which results, among the others, from cultural differences or business practices of the home and host country. Our paper makes an attempt to answer the question whether Polish firms which enter the path of internationalisation start to invest in one or a few neighbouring countries rather than investing in distant markets and/or several markets simultaneously. The idea is analysed using the example of firms based in Poland and in the Lodz Region involved in foreign direct investment. The paper has been divided into 3 parts. The first one reviews the literature on internationalization models, with particular stress on the Uppsala model; the second part validates the main assumptions of the model using data concerning firms from Poland and the third part focuses on foreign operations of companies from the Lodz Region.
7
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Investment Attractiveness. The Case Of The Visegrad Group Countries

63%
Dorożyński T., Kuna-Marszałek A.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
117-138
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę oceny atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Praca składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej dokonano przeglądu literatury ze szczególnym naciskiem na badania empiryczne dotyczące atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej. Następnie przeanalizowano napływ zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich do krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej na tle świata w latach 1990–2013. W kolejnej części omówiono atrakcyjność inwestycyjną nowych państw członkowskich UE w wybranych rankingach międzynarodowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem miejsca, jakie zajmują w nich Polska, Czechy, Węgry i Słowacja. W ostatniej części zbadano zależności pomiędzy wybranymi zmiennymi określającymi atrakcyjność inwestycyjną a napływem BIZ. W badaniu wykorzystano metody statystyczne (współczynnik korelacji Pearsona oraz współczynnik korelacji rang Spearmana). Artykuł kończy podsumowanie.
EN
In the article, we attempt to assess the investment attractiveness of the New EU Member States, using the Visegrad Group countries as examples. This study is structured as follows: First, it explores the existing literature on factors of investment attractiveness. Further we examine inward foreign direct investment flows in the Visegrad Group countries against the global performance in the area from 1990 to 2013. Next we discuss the investment attractiveness of New Member States of the European Union in selected international rankings, paying special attention to the positions occupied by the four analysed countries. The final part examines the correlation between selected variables characteristic of investment attractiveness and the inflow of foreign investment. The study is based on statistical methods (Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation). At the end we present our conclusions.
8
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Institutional quality as a determinant of FDI inflow: the case of Central and Eastern European countries

51%
Dorożyński T., Dobrowolska B., Kuna-Marszałek A.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
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2019
|
issue 36
103-122
EN
In the article, we focus on the institutional aspects and their role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Hence, the objective of the paper is to assess institutional quality in 17 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and to examine the relationship between the quality of institutions measured with the synthetic index of institutional quality and FDI inflow. This study is structured as follows. First, it explores the existing literature on factors of investment attractiveness, paying special attention to the importance of institutional efficiency. Then, we discuss FDI inflow into Central and Eastern European countries and select diagnostic variables that will later be used as the basis for the construction of a synthetic index of institutional quality (SIIQ). By composing a ranking of countries based on estimated values of the index, we could identify countries of similar institutional quality. In the last stage we analyse the correlation between SIIQ in individual countries and FDI inward stock as % of GDP. At the end we present conclusions.
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