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The barbarian Gladiatior: Gaul, Dacian or Captive Slav? Interpretations of the Sculpture of 'Dying Gaul' in the Capitoline Museum

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Kolendo J.

Archeologia

2005

vol. 56

133-139

Since its discovery the famous sculpture of the 'Dying Gaul' in the Capitoline Museum had been generally considered a representation of a dying gladiator. Its interpretation as a barbarian - the Gaul - appeared no earlier than the late 18th cent. Byron (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, IV, 140-141) saw in it a dying gladiator coming from Dacia, which became a communis opinio. For the Poles visiting frequently Rome in the 19th cent., however, this was a representation of the captive Slav dying in the amphitheatre, for the Dacians were at the time considered to be the Slavs and thus ancestors of the Poles. This interpretation, put forward for the first time in 1841 by the poet Józef Bohdan Zaleski, was accepted by other Polish writers, including Adam Mickiewicz, Teofil Lenartowicz, Józef Kremer, and Henryk Sienkiewicz.

Inscriptions from the 1998-2002 Excavations of the Ruin of 'valetudinarium' at Novae

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Bunsch E., Kolendo J., Zelazowski J.

Archeologia

2003

vol. 54

43-64

This is the first publication of nine inscriptions from the 1998-2002 excavations of the valetudinarium at Novae. They came, however, from different parts of the fortress of the legion 'I Italica', and a funerary monument no. 9 stood originally outside the fortifications. In each case the edition of the text is followed by an analysis of the material and technique. These inscriptions include: 1) dedication of a tempel to Sol Invictus (?) by Elagabalus, 2) inscription on rebuilding of a structure (most likely a fountain or a temple) by two legionary veterans ('imaginifer' and 'custos armorum'), 3) fragment of an inscription from a large building of Trajan's time dedicated by the province legate and the legionary legate, 4) small fragment with the name of Septimius Severus (?), 5) fragment of a monumental inscription, 6) altar for Genius centuriae of the 'princeps legionis', 7) altar for Jupiter and Diana Bu( ) erected by a veteran of the legion 'I Italica', 8) altar dedicated by a 'tesserarius', 9) tomb stone of Charagonia Arche, possibly a female descendant of a freedman Publius Caragonius Philopalaestrus, known from another inscription from Novae.

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2 Archeologia

2 Kolendo J.

1 Bunsch E.

1 Zelazowski J.

1 2005

1 2003

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The barbarian Gladiatior: Gaul, Dacian or Captive Slav? Interpretations of the Sculpture of 'Dying Gaul' in the Capitoline Museum

Inscriptions from the 1998-2002 Excavations of the Ruin of 'valetudinarium' at Novae